Effect of Spirulina on Growth and Yield of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.

Author: Win Mar  & San Min 

Abstract:

             The present study explored the effect of Spirulina suspension on growth and yield of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. (Okra). Okra seeds were studied by using Spirulina suspension (1gL-1, 2gL-1, 3gL-1, 4gL-1 and 5gL-1) in pot experiment. Spirulina suspension (4gL-1) was more effective in the enhancement of plant height, leaf number, flower number, 50% flowering time, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight of okra plant. The fruit yield of plant (4gL-1) was 64.29% greater than control. The results showed that the growth and yield of okra treated with Spirulina were significantly better than control.

Key words : Spirulina, biofertilizer, Abelmoschus esculentus, yield

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

Antimicrobial Activities of Senna alata Roxb.

Author: Khin Hnin Yee  & Aye Aye Myat 

Abstract:

        A medicinal plant, Senna alata Roxb. belonging to Subfamily–Caesalpinoideae is commonly cultivated in Myanmar as an ornamental plant. It is known as Thinbaw-mezali in Myanmar. The sample plant was collected from Mawlamyine Township during the flowering and fruiting period. The test organisms of bacteria were isolated from soil and meat by serial dilution techniques. The pathogenic fungi were isolated from diseased parts of plants and all the microorganisms were sub-cultured to get the pure strains. These microorganisms are three strains (AAM 1, AAM 2 and AAM 3) of fungi (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, and Penicillium sp.), AAM 4 (Pseudomonas sp., gram negative strain of bacteria) and AAM 5 (Bacillus sp., gram positive strain of bateria). The water extracts of leaflets, flowers and barks from Senna alata Roxb. were prepared and the antimicrobial effects on five species of microorganisms were studied. It was observed that the water extracts of leaflets and flowers showed better results than the extract of barks.

Key words : Senna alata Roxb., straining methods, serial dilution technique, antimicrobial activities

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

Studying the Substitution Carbon and Nitrogen Sources in Fermentation of Microorganisms Isolated from Turritell carinifera, Lamarck, 1822

Author: Khin Swe Mya* 

Abstract:

            In this study, Turritella carinifera was collected from Chaungtha, Ayeyawady Region and utilized to screen the antimicrobial activities of microorganisms. Isolation of microorganisms was done by dilution method. Five strains of microorganisms were isolated fromTurritella carinifera. Five isolated strains showed different antimicrobial activities against the test organisms. Among them KSM 3 was selected for further investigation. The strain KSM 3 showed antimicrobial activities against Salmonella tythimurium where KSM 3 had clear zone 32.0 mm. The best fermentation medium using carbon and nitrogen sources was selected for KSM 3. Then the best carbon and nitrogen sources were mixed to get a new combined medium by cross combination method. Again tests were undertaken to get the best amounts of the components of the fermentation media.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

Innervation Apparatus in Some Antagonistic Limb Muscles of Some Anurans

Author: Kyi Kyi Maw* 

Abstract:

         The present work was carried out to find out whether there would be differences in the type and occurrence of motor and sensory nerve endings in the selected antagonistic muscle pairs of deltoid (flexor) and anconeus (extensor) in the fore limb, and triceps femoris (extensor) and gracillis major (flexor) in the hind limb of the toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus  and the frog, Polypedates cruciger. Overall results indicated that neural patterns of the antagonistic muscle pairs were quite similar within themselves in both species and the neural patterns were more variable in the frog's upper hind limb muscles relative to those of the toad.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

Complete Decomposable Triple-Critical Graphs

Author: Thin Wai Wai Moe* 

Abstract:

          In this paper, we introduce the basic definitions, notations and examples of graphs. Then we discuss the concepts of vertex coloring of a graph, chromatic numbers, critical graphs, double-critical graphs and triple-critical graphs. The complete decomposable graphs and triple-critical graphs are studied by using the concept of complete decomposable graphs. Finally, we illustrate some examples for triple-critical graphs.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

Study on the Effects of Interactions on a Nuclear System

Author: Htar Win Htike* 

Abstract:

         In theoretical nuclear physics, it is essential to know the wave functions of our interesting nuclear systems. If we have known the wave functions, we can investigate several information on these nuclear systems. The purpose of our research is to determine the solutions of non-homogeneous boundary value problems with various sources by using Green's Function method.  In our research work, we studied the wave function of nucleon-nucleon scattering process which is the non-homogeneous boundary value problem.  We compared the two free (without interaction) radial Green's functions, one is solved by numerically with the help of difference method and another is solved by analytically with the use of residue theorem.  It was found that these two free radial functions are equivalent.  Therefore, we safely used numerically solved free radial Green's function in solving the Schrödinger radial equations with various potentials (with various source terms) which are repulsive square barrier, attractive square well, Yukawa and Gaussian potentials for this process.

Key words:  radial wave function, Green’s function, difference method.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

Photovoltage and Photocurrent Properties of ZnO/Si Thin Film before and after Plastic Packaging

Author: Khaing Khaing Min*

Abstract:

          Fine ZnO powder was formed using ball mill at 30 h. ZnO thin film was deposited onto naked p-Si (100) substrate by spin coating technique. It was treated in Oxygen and atmospheric annealing was followed to change the ZnO solution coating into oxide film. Photo voltage (Vph) and Photocurrent (Iph) of ZnO/Si cell were measured before and after packaging. Photo I-V characteristics (illuminated I-V) were investigated by monochromatic Na lamp. From the current and voltage characteristics under illumination condition, conversion efficiency (ηcon), fill factor (Ff), quantum yield (Y) and series resistance (Rs) were observed for the cell without plastic package.

Key words:  Fine ZnO powder, ZnO thin film, spin coating, ZnO/Si packaging

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

Performance Studies on Preparation and Characterization of Modified Slurry (Powder) Detergent

Author: Yee Yee Lin

Abstract:

           In this research, the formulation of slurry detergent was modified with, chitosan and determine the physicochemical properties of modified slurry detergent by using conventional methods. Chitosan poly-2-deoxly-D-glucosamine, is a product of deacetamide products. It is a poly-dielectric ion, soluble in acid solutions. Chitosan is the N-deacetylated derivative of chitin. The chitin is found in the shell of animals like shrimps, crabs, squidpon, silk worams and the cell walls of fungi. The physicochemical properties of modified slurry detergent were, the viscosity (135s), pH (10) and the water content (35.2%). It possessed higher stability of foam volume as well as foam size density with a 99.6% of degreasing power. The synthesized detergent powder was compared to the commercial sample with respect to specified parameters such as viscosity, pH, water content, foam stability and degreasing ability. It was found that 0.04% chitosan was able to produce modified form of detergent powder with detergent quality comparable to commercial detergent. (Thet Thar)

Keywords: Synthesized slurry detergent, physicochemical properties, modified powder detergent

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

A Critical Study of Aristotle's Golden Mean

Author: Nan Thein Thein Sint
Abstract:

          The main title of this paper is “The Golden Mean of Aristotle”. The doctrine of Golden Mean is deeply concerned with Aristotle. Aristotle’s ethics is closely related with Greek ethics. Early Greek ethics plays an important role in the history of Western ethics. Early Greek thinker described ethics as the art of living and the care of the soul. Socrates and the Sophists had raised the ethical question for the first time. Plato was the first philosopher of religion and idealistic ethics. It is quite true that the doctrine of early Greek philosophers and Aristotle’s ethical views are different but there are some similarities and relationships between them. This paper tries to point out an estimation of Aristotle’s ethics.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

The Role of Myanmar Proverbs in Myanmar Traditional Life

Author: Khin Saw Myint

Abstract:

         The word “proverb” is derived from the Latin word “proverbium”, which means a brief popular saying. A proverb expresses a truth based on common sense or practical experience of mankind. Every society has its own proverbs that can display thoughts of its people. Myanmar proverbs through the ages have exhibited the Myanmar way of thinking, Myanmar way of life and philosophical values that identifies the national characteristics of the Myanmar people. This paper tries to reveal the philosophical values in Myanmar Proverbs.

Keywords : proverb, philosophical value in Myanmar Traditional life

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

The Founder of Yadanarbon City and Palace, King Mindon's Religious Performance

Author: Wai Wai Moe*

Abstract:

         King Mindon, the founder of Yadanarbon Royal City and Palace, was a monarch who attempted with might and main for the perpetuation of Buddha Sāsanā in Myanmar. Mindon-min who shaped the Yandanarbon Period was a ruler who inscribed on Palm-leaves the Tipitaka (the three repositories of Buddhist scriptures) consisting of 84000 Dhammakkhandhā corpuses for the perpetuation of the Religion. As the King was worried that the scripts inscribed on palm-leaves would be easy to ruin without lasting for a long time, he inscribed the Pitakas on the stone tablets in order to endure throughout the Sāsanā Period as well as to be unable to be destroyed by the heretics. King Mindon was a martyr sovereign who could successfully carry out the tasks which all the Buddhists should certainly perform, and protect the Sāsanā.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

History of Magwe Township and Rebellions (1752-1885)

Author: Than Than Khaing * 

Abstract:

          This paper sheds light on the historical events of Magwe Township. Although Magwe had never been a center of administration, it played an important role in local administration. Appointments of Myowun, Myothugyi and Ywathugyi showed its importance. Even the palace intrigues reflected that area. On the other hand, the main profession of the natives was agriculture. The minority were traders and the King's servants. In time of droughts the natives suffered from famine. As a consequence, money lending and land mortgages rose. Even though Buddhists were the majority who had donated pagodas and monasteries, Pitakats were few. The influence of monks on the public was great. Hence, political events, administrative system, socio-economic system and the religious faith were closely interrelated and that interrelation reflected on the development of Magwe Township. 

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

A Geographical Analysis on the Cropping Pattern of Chauk Township

Author: Myat Myat Nwe  , Mi Mi Soe

Abstract:

           This dissertation is an attempt to analyse the cropping pattern of Chauk Township. It is located in Central Dry Zone of Myanmar. Climate is an important factor that influences on the cropping pattern of the study area. There are four types of agricultural land such as "Ya" land, "Le" land, "Kaing-Kyun" land and "Garden" land. "Ya" cultivation is the most important in agriculture. In the study area, the agricultural activities and cultivation of crop are carried out by the traditional method only. Weaver’s crop combination method was used applied and analysed; it was found that there were ten crop combinations. The cropping pattern in Chauk Township did not change obviously from the year of 1997-98 to 2012-13.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

A Geographical Study on Spatial Distribution Pattern of Commercial Crops’ Wholesale Shops in Myingyan Town

Author: Cho Cho San

Abstract:

          This research paper analyzed spatial distribution patterns of wholesale shops in Myingyan with  geographical  point of view.  Through these surveys, names of wholesale shops, types of commodity, size of shops, location of shops, transportation, suppliers or wholesalers and number of employees (labour) were collected.  To examine the above spatial development of wholesale shops in Myingyan, especially commercial crops’ wholesale shops were selected and analyzed. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to find out the spatial pattern development of wholesale shops facilities. The commercial crops’ wholesale shops are mainly located in central area of Myingyan. Besides four types of commodity flow channel patterns, from crop growers (producer) to wholesalers, finally to consumer sector in study area are found.

Key Wards: Wholesale shop, Spatial development, Distribution pattern, Commercial Crops Population, commodity flow

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

Some Difficulties Encountered by First year Non-English Specialization Students of Myingyan Degree College in Studying the New Course "Straight Forward"

Author: Than Than Nyunt

Abstract:

          This research aims to explore the difficulties encountered by first year non-English specialization students in Myingyan Degree College studying the new course “Straight Forward”. To fulfill the requirements of the study, a total of 150 first year students who specialized in Chemistry and Mathematics were given questionnaires consisting of 36 items under five main categories. They had to give response to each item under five main categories: Academic factors, instructional factors, personal factors, linguistic factors and socio cultural factors. The responses of the students were analysed statistically and the findings showed that instructional factors and personal factors had the lowest means (3.37 and 3.64) while the academic factors had the highest mean (4.29).
Key words: difficulties, academic, instructional, personal, linguistic, sociocultural, factors

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

Creating and Planning Language Activities to Improve the Productive Skills of the Second Language Learners of English (Tertiary Level)

Author: Soe Soe Win 

Abstract:

     This paper presents the findings of an observation study of the English language productive skills of ELTO (English Language Training for Officials) students at EIT (the Eastern Institute of Technology) and at Victoria University in New Zealand. The aim of this study is to find out how the language activities created by teachers of these universities  to teach  the speaking and writing skills of the students agree with those proposed by Scrivener (2005) and the progress of the students. Through a detailed study and analysis of the pedagogy, it was found that the way teachers use to create and plan language activities agrees with the ideas provided by Scrivener (2005). It was found that teachers use cyclic approach to broaden the vocabulary repertoire of students which is an essential requirement for developing the productive skills. Then they use discussion activities and communicative activities for practicing speaking skills; and for developing the writing skills of the students, they use both guided and unguided writing. The study also investigated the IELTS pre-test and post-test scores of speaking and writing skills of a total of 10 participants and then they were compared. It was found that the post-test scores of the participants were higher than pre-test scores. 

Key words – cyclic approach, productive skills, communicative activities, guided writing, unguided writing

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

The Changes and Development of the Form of Myanmar Poetry during the Late Colonial Period (1931-1947)

Author: Than Htwe Aung*

Abstract:

       This paper explores the changes and development of the form of Myanmar poems during the late colonial period (1931-1947). In doing so, the focus is on three main categories: the form of conventional poetry, the forms of poetry that change slightly and the forms of poetry that turn into new structures.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

Dagon Tayar and His Poems

Author: Myint Yee

Abstract:

         This paper explores the poems composed by Dagon Tayar from thematic point of view. The study also examines the poet’s attitude, idea, concept and his literary works as there is a close relationship between them. Having already known that Dagon Tayar loved and valued peace, this paper tries to convince the fact that his poems reflect his thirst of peace. Moreover, it also studies the structure of the poems. It is also observed that being a Myanmar poet who valued Myanmar literature, Dagon Tayar tried to develop Myanmar literature by composing poems. It is hoped this paper will help to some extent in an attempt to develop Myanmar literature.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

Photovoltaic Properties of Zn1-xMnxO3(=0.60 mol) Powered Film

Author: Aye Mya Thida1, Than Than Win2, Kaung Kaung Yu, Lay Kalyar Kyaw,Yin Maung Maung3, Ko Ko Kyaw Soe3

Abstract:

             The aim of this work was concerned with the fabrication of MnO2 doped ZnO film sprn- on p-Si (100) substrate. I.V characteristics of the cells was examined under illumination condition. The photovoltaic devices have been prepared under various annealing temperature such as 500˚C, 650˚C and 700˚C respectively. Maximum power (pm), conversion efficiency (ηcon), (Ff) and series resistance (Rs) of the fabricated cells are also determined.

Keywords: I-V characteristics, conversion efficiency, fill-factor

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol.VII,No-2(A), March  2009, Physics)

Spin-Time Dependence of Film Thickness for Ca1-xCux(TiO3) (x=0.1 mol) Film

Author: Phyu Phyu Khaing1, Myo Khine1, Khin Myo Aye2,Yin Maung Maung3 and Than Than Win4

Abstract:

        The calcium copper titanate (CaCu3Ti4O12) thin films were deposited on 1cm2(1 0 0) orientated silicon substrates by  spin coating method. Ethylene glycol (CH2OHCH2OH) was used as solvent in sol-gel processing. The spin coating process was taken at different spin time arrangements under constant temperature and the film thicknesses were determined.

Keywords: CaCu3Ti4O12, sol-gel ,spin coating, silicon substrate, film thicknesses 

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol.VII,No-2(A), March  2009, Physics)

Substrate Temperature Dependence of Film Thickness for Zm1-xCoxO (x=0.03 mol) Film by Rapid Oxalate Decomposition Technique

Author: Myint Myint Win1, Ohnmar Than2, Myint Kalayar3, Than Than Win4,Yin Maung Maung1 and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe1

Abstract:

       Co(0.3 mol) –doped Zinc oxide precursor was obtained by precipitation of the mixture of zinc-acetate, Co-acetate and oxalic acid. The Zn1-x CoxO gel  was poured with constant  rate (0.75 rpm) on the dependence of film thickness was systematically observed.

Key Words: zinc-acetate, Zm1-xCoxO gel, film thickness

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol.VII,No-2(A), March  2009, Physics)

Deposition Time Dependence of Film Thickness for Pb1-x(Ca)x TiO3 (x=0.48 mol) Electrophoretic Film

Author: Khin Moe Thant1, Than Than Win2, Moe Moe Aye1, Yin Mg Mg1 and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe3

Abstract:

       Ca-modified (0.48 mol) PbTiO3 film was firstly prepared on highly polished steel substrate by electrophoretic method. Film coating was performed at different deposition time (30min, 45min, 60min, 75min) function of deposition time was studied.

Keywords: electrophoretic, highly-polished steel, film thickness

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol.VII,No-2(A), March  2009, Physics)

Capacitance Measurement of PVA/Zinc Acetate Fibre

Author: Nyo Nyo1, Moh Moh Lwin2, Than Than Win3,Yin Maung Maung1 and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

         The viscous gel of PVA/Zinc acetate acetate composite is a focus of this investigation. The used gel has chemical pure hydrated hydrated zinc Zn (CH3CO2).2H2O and 20% by weight of PVA (Polyvinyl alcohol). The change in dielectric properties as a function of sample thickness is measured with both Ag-electrode and Cu-electroe.

Key Words: hydrated zinc acetate, Ag. electrode, dielectric properties

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol.VII,No-2(A), March  2009, Physics)

Synthesis and Characterization of TiO2 Dependent Lead Titantae Ceramics by Hydrothermal Method

Author: Myint Kalyar, 1Than Than Win2 Cho Cho Myat Aung3, Kyaw Win4, Chaw Lunn Thu3, Than Htoon5, Yin Mg Mg3 and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe6

Abstract:

       Growth of lead titanate ceramics is prepared by hydrothermal synthesis at (110-200˚C) using KOH base in Teflon-lined stainless steel bomb. Memory behaviours of all PbTiO3 ceramics are measured at different applied voltage.

Keywords: hydrothermal synthesis, KOG base, Teflon-lined stainless steel bomb, memory behaviours.

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol.VII,No-2(A), March  2009, Physics)

Study on Spinning Time Dependence of Film Thickness and Dielectric Properties for PBTiO3 (Pb/Ti=65/35)Cell

Author: Moh Moh Lsin', Than Than Win2, Zin Win Mar3, Kyaw Win4 Hla Hla Aye3, Yin Mg   Mg3, Than Htoon5& Ko Ko Kyaw Soe6'

Abstract:

        The starting regents used in this work were lead acetate trihydrate (4.93g) and titanium isopropoxide (0.007g)of AnalaR-grate. Triethanolarmine (TEA)was used as chelating agent. Lead titanate film was formed on Cucoated p-Si (100) substrate by spin coationg at spin time variations from 30s to 60s. The best film thickness was found at60s spin time. Dielectric properties of this film were observed by means of C- F, εr-f and tan δ-f variations.

Key words: lead titanate, spin time, film thickness, dielectric properties

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol.VII,No-2(A), March  2009, Physics)

Growth and Characterization of Ferroelectric Field Effect Transistor with PLT Gated

Author: Htay Htay Win1, Myint Myint Win2, Thandar Tin2, Than Than Win3, Moh Moh Lwin2,  Yin Maung Maung2 and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

         The epitaxial growth technique developed in this work was based on the use of PbO, TiO2 and La2O3, powder of regent- grade in the preparation of precursor sol in the processing of La2 O3, powder of regent-grade in the preparation of precursor sol in the processing of La modified lead titanate thin film at different process temperature. As the experimental results, the output characteristic curve and product parameters were examined to be within the range of accepted values for 1T of FRAM (Single Transistor of Ferroelectric Random Acess Memory)

Key words : eptitaxial, PbO, TiO2, FRAM

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol.VI,No-2(B), March  2008, Physics)

Growth and Drain Characteristics of Thin Film Transistor with Barium Titanate Gate Materials

Author: Myint Thein1, Moh Moh Lwin2,  Than Than Win1, Yin Maung Maung2, and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe3

Abstract:

     The purpose of this paper was involved with the understanding of mechanism that revealed to the improvement of output characteristics of barium titanate film with SiO2 insulated layer (Oxide Layer) in order to allow their application in 1T of FeRAM.

 Key words : thin film transistor, drain characteristics, FeRAM

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol.VI,No-2(B), March  2008, Physics)

Structural and Micro Structural Properties of ZnO Film

Author: Kyaw Zaw1, Myint Myint Win2 , Cho Cho Myat Aung2, Myint Kalyar2, Moh Moh Lwin2,  

Yin Maung Maung2, Than Than Win3 & Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

       The first of this cell was concerned with the growth of ZnO film on the naked p-Si(100)- substrate. XRD analysis was carried out to identify film structure, phase assignment and crystallographic properties while the micro-structural properties of ZnO film were obtained by SEM.

Key words : ZnO film, XRD, SEM

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol.VI,No-2(B), March  2008, Physics)

Pyroelectric Properties of Bismuth Titanate Thin Film

Author: Khin Myint Htoon1, Myint Kalyar2, Moh Moh Lwin2,  Myint Myint Win2 ,Yin Maung Maung2, Than Than Win3 & Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

       The bismuth titanate thin film was prepared by chemical solution deposition technique. The substrates used in this work were highly-polished p-Si and oxide layer buffered Si-substrate. Annealing temperature dependence of pyroelectric current was observed. Dispersion of pyroelectric coefficient as a function of annealing temperature was also studied.

Key words : bismuth titanate, pyroelectric current, pyroelectric coefficient

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol.VI,No-2(B), March  2008, Physics)

Capacitance-Voltage Characteristics of PST Thin Film Capacitor

Author: Nilar Win1, Aye Su Mon Win1, Than Than Win2,  Than Htoon3 ,Yin Maung Maung4 and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe5

Abstract:

       Fabrication of Sn-doped lead titanate film was presented by spin-coating technique. The substrate temperatures treated in this work were 500C700C maintained 1hr for more film quality. For the charge storage capacity of fabricated cell, C-V characteristics were studied by simple R-C circuit in which Cu/PST/p-Si (100) cell was served as a circuit element. From C-V curve, counter-clockwise hysteresis loop was formed for all fabricated cell. Threshold voltage (VTH), flat-band voltage (VFB), the width of the memory (MW), maximum accumulation capacitance (Caccu) and the density of interfacial surface state (Nss) were systematically measured from C-V loop.

Key words : C-V characteristics, VTH, VFB, Caccu Nss

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol.VI,No-2(B), March  2008, Physics)

Fabrication and Characterization of PST Gated Thin Film Transistor

Author: Aye Su Mon Win1, Nilar Win1, Than Than Win2,  Than Htoon3 ,Yin Maung Maung4 and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe5

Abstract:

     Fabrication of PST gated TFT was performed on P2O5 substituted SiO2/p-Si substrate structure. Drain characteristics of these TFT's were observed. According to the experimental results, the fabricated TFT was applied for 1T of FRAM.

Key words : thin film transistor, drain characteristics

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol.VI,No-2(B), March  2008, Physics)

Study on Dielectric Properties of TiO2 Thin Film

Author: May Yee Thein1, Yin Yin Thein2, Than Than Win3, Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

      Dispersion of capacitances as a function of different applied frequencies was performed. From  C-f spectra, two distinct states were formed in which the capacitance value was slightly decreased at low frequency region and reached its constant value at high frequency region. r – f and tan -f variations were also investigated.

Key words : C-f spectra, dielectric constant, dielectric loss

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol.VI,No-2(B), March  2008, Physics)

Powder Structure and Phase Analysis of HgSe and ZnTe Solid Phase

Author: Nyo Nyo1, Moe Moe Aye1, Cho Cho Myat Aung1, Than Than Win2,Yin Maung Maung1 and Ko Ko kyaw Soe3

Abstract:

The great deal of information about the powder structure, phase assignment and crystallographic characterizations of fabricated powders (HgSe & ZnTe) was obtained by XRD measurement. The calculated lattice strings were found to be slightly changed as compared to reported value.

Key words: crystallographic characterization lattice strain. powder structure.

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol.VI,No-2(B), March  2008, Physics)

Pyroelectric and 1 – V Variation of Gel Route Sol Derived C2 From La and Mn Modified PbTiO3 Thin Film

Author: Moh Moh Lwin1, Myint Kalyar1, Yin Maung Maung1, Than Than Win2, Than Htoon3 & Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

      La and Mn doped PbTiO3 films are prepared by gel route sol method and heat treated at 700c for 1 hr. Pyrocurrent of films are studied by using ho me made temperature controller and nanoammeter. Pyroelectric coefficients of the sample are also examined. For charge storage mechanism, C-2 – V characteristic were also studied.

Key words: Pyroelectric current, pyroelectric coefficient and 1 –V characteristics c2

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol.VI,No-2(B), March  2008, Physics)

Charge Conduction Mechanism and Pyroelectric Properties of Bi4-x Lax Ti3 O12 (x=0, 0.10, 0.12, 0.14 mol %) Film

Author: Myint Kalya1, Moh Moh Lwin1, Yin Maung Maung1, Than Than Win2, Than Htoon3 and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

      The first part of this paper was involved with the fabrication of bismuth titanate and     La-modified (x = 0, 0.10, 0.12 and 0.14 mol %) bismuth titanate film by chemical sol deposition technique. For the cell quality, C-2 – V variation was systematically observed. For the pyroelectric properties, temperature dependence of pyro-current and pyro-coefficient were studied.

Key words: La-modified bismuth titanate film, c-2 – V variation,

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol.VI,No-2(B), March  2008, Physics)

Structural Characterization and Photovoltaic Behaviors of ZnMnO3 Film

Author: Moe Moe Aye1 , Than Than Win2, Than Htoon3, Yin Maung Maung 1 and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

      ZnMnO3, film was grown on p-Si (100) substrate at different process temperatures. Structural properties of these films were checked by XRD technique. As the photovoltaic application, Voc-Isc variation curve was studied and some important parameters were observed.

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol.VI,No-2(B), March  2008, Physics)

C-V and Pyroelectric Properties of Pb1-x Lax TiO3 Film for IR Sensor Application

Author: Nwe Nwe Oo1 , Myint Myint Win2, Than Than Win3, Yin Maung Maung4 

and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe5

Abstract:

       This paper gives a growth of Pb1-x Lax TiO3 (x = 1 mol%) film on naked Si and SiO2/Si substrate structures. After electroding the PLT/Si and PLT/SiO2/Si, the focus is put on the description of C-V characteristics measurement system. From C-V counter-clockwise loop, threshold voltage VTH (U & D), flat-band voltage VFB (U, D), maximum accumulation capacitance (Caccu), memory window (MW) and density of interfacial surface state (Nss) were observed. This paper closes with the pyroelectric properties (pyrocurrent and pyroelectric coefficient) measurement systems. 

Key words: pyroelectric properties, C-V characteristics, threshold voltage

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol.VI,No-2(B), March  2008, Physics)

Capacitance- Voltage Hystersis Loop of PTA Film

Author: Nwe Nwe Aye1, Nwe Nwe Win2,Than Than Win3,Yin Maung Maung1,

Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

        C-V Hysteresis loop was generated by measuring capacitance value in different biased voltage for both directions. As the generated loop, the fabricated PTA film was confirmed as ferroelectric material.

Key Words: fabricated PTA film, C-V Hysteresis loop, ferroelectric material.

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2008, Physics)

Study on Crystallographic Properties of Li Doped ZnO Thin FiLms

Author: Khine Khine Linn1, Than Than Win2, Yin Maung Maung3 and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

        Li-doped ZnO film is prepared on highly polished Si substrate. The process temperature are range from 400oC to 600C and maintained 1 hr for homogenization. According to the experimental results, it is significant that the growth chemistry is quite feasible and expected to be crystalline at above-mentioned temperatures.

Key words: Li-doped ZnO films, process temperature, homogenization

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2008, Physics)

Output Characteristics of PbTi(A1) O3(x=0.06 mol) Gated TFT

Author: May Aye Khaing1, Than Than Win2,Yin Maung Maung3, Ko Ko Kyaw Soe3

Abstract:

      PbTiAlO3 gated thin film transistor is firstly prepared for 1T of FRAM application. For output characteristics of fabricated TFT, IDS-VGS relationship is studied at different gate to source to source voltages.
Key words: thin film transistor (TFT), IDS-VGS relationship.

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2008, Physics)

Process Temperature Dependence on I-V Characteristics of Zn0.98Mg0.02O Films in Dark Condition

Author: Cho Cho Myat Aung1, Than Than Win2, Yin Maung Maung1& Ko Ko Kyaw Soe3

Abstract:

I-V characteristics of Zn0.98 Mg0.02O/P-Si(100) cells were measured in daek condition (background  rad=0). The behaviour of the 1nI with respect to the biased voltage was investigated at different  process temperature to obtain identity factor and zero-bias barrier height in order to utilize the laboratory prepared semiconductor devices especially for photovoltaic cell.

Key words: Current-voltage characteristics,  identity factor,zero-bias barrier height

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2008, Physics)

P-E Hysteresis Loop of Zinc Ferrite Films

Author: Than Than Swe1, Su Su Aung2, Than Than Win3 and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

     Growth of zinc ferrite films were performed on highly-polished substrate at different process temperature. Following this, P-E hysteresis loop was generated by spontaneous polarization, coercive field and memory window of zinc ferrite thin films were films were evaluated.

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2008, Physics)

Crystallographic Investingation of Ag (4mol%) Doped ZnO (SZO) Thin Films by XRD

Author: Lwin Lwin Nwe1, Khant Khant Lin1, Khin Thuzar1 ,Than Than Win2 and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe3

Abstract:

       Silver doped ZnO (SZO) thin films are prepared by sol-based method. The silver dopant concentration is 4 mol% in this case. XRD analysis carried out to determine, crystallographic properties such as lattice parameters and crystallite size of SZO thin films.

Key words: XRD, Lattice parameters and crystallite size

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2008, Physics)

Transient Response of Cu/PTA 1/p-Si(100) Multilayer Configuration

Author: Kyi Kyi Aung1, Khin Nyo Win1, Lai Lai Aung2, Than Than Win3 and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

      The temperature dependence of the transient current is important for the understanding of the trapping mechanisms in the dielectrics during processing. Before the I-V and C-V measurements, transient response was essentially analysed to avoid unnecessary current occurrence.

Keywords: transient response, I-V characteristic, C-V characteristic.

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2008, Physics)

Processing and Characterization of AI (4 mol%) Doped PbTiO3 Ferroelectric Memory Diode

Author: Nwe Nwe Win1, Nwe Nwe Aye2, Yin Mg Mg2,Than Than Win3& Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

       Ferroelectric memory diode of A1 (4 mol%) doped PbTiO3 thin films prepared by sol-based deposition method. For electrical characteristic, IV variation was  essentially studied. From this curve, LVR (Low Voltage Resistance), Imax and VTH were observed. From In From In I-V linear relationship η and ϕbo were measured.

Keywords  :  In I vs V, Imax VTH, η and ϕbo

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2008, Physics)

1/C2-V Characteristics of TiO2/SiO2/p-Si(Metal/Ferroelectric/ Insulator/Semiconductor) Thin Films

Author: May Yee Thein1, Yin Yin Thein2, Than Than Win3, and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

       Fabrication of TiO2/SiO2/p-Si (Metal/ Ferroelectri/ Insulator/ Semiconductor) thin films, deposited by liquid phase epitaxial growth method was presented. I/C2-V characteristic at room temperature measured at frequency of 100 kHz for TiO2 thin films anneal at 500 ˚C , 550 ˚C, 600 ˚C, 650 ˚C and 700 ˚C were investigated. Measurement of C as a function of reverse bias was used to determine the built-in potential and dopant concentration. A plot of 1/C2 as a function V was a straight line which intercept on the voltage axis gives Vbi, and the slope was used to determine the effective dopant concentration Ni.

Key words: dopant concentration, depletion layer width, built-in potential

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol.VI,No-2(A), March  2008, Physics)

Ferroelectric and Pyroelectric Properties of Ca- Modified PbTiO3 Ceramic Films by Electrophoretic Deposition Method

Author: Khin Mar Win1, Aye Thandar Oo2, Khin Myo Aye2, Than Than Win3 and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe2

Abstract:

        In the present investigation, the electrophoretic deposition of Ca-modified PbTiO3 (abbreviated to PCT) films has been attempted. The preparative parameters are optimized forelectrophoretic deposition of the films. Pb1-xCaxTiO3 ceramic thin films are prepared from theraw materials of PbO, CaO and TiO2 with purity of 99.9%. By changing the Ca content(1-4 mol%) and heating temperatures 200˚C and 500˚C, the influence of variousprocessing parameters on the ferroelectric and pyroelectric characteristics of PCT samples are studied. The results are discussed at length in this paper,

Key words:  electrophoretic deposition, ferroelectric, pyroelectric

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(B), March  2007, Physics)

Scanning Electron Microscopy Observation of Li-doped ZnO Films

Author: Khine Khine Linn1, Than Than Win2, Yin Mg Mg3 and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe3

Abstract:

     Preparation of Li doped ZnO film grown on Si substrate was presented. Surface morphology and microstructural observation of Li doped ZnO film were investigated by SEM. Li doped ZnO film quality and homogeneity were examined by SEM images. Grain sizes of Li doped ZnO films were predicted from SEM images. Pore and grain growth of these films were also analyzed.  

Keywords :  SEM, pore, grain size

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(B), March  2007, Physics)

Ferroelectric behaviours of MgtiO3 thin film for Memory Diode Application

Author: Thida Win1, Win Pa Pa Tun2 ,  Ko Ko Kyaw Soe2 Yin Maung Maung2 and Than Than Win3

Abstract:

       MgTiO3 thin films are prepared by solid sol-based method. Thin films are deposited onto p-type silicon by spin coating technique with constant speed and heat treated at 600°C for 1 hr to form MOS capacitor. The device is characteristics of thin film capacitors are carried out. The results are analyzed and found that the characteristics of P-E from the hysteresis loop, the remanent polarization (Pr), the remanent polarization (Ps), the coercive field (Ec) and the memory window (MW) are measured.

Keywords:  hysteresis loop, P-E variation.

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2007, Physics)

Current Versus Voltage Characteristics in TiO2 Thin Films for FMD Application

Author: May Yee Thein1,Yin Yin Thein1 ,Than Than Win3 and  Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

     TO2 thin film memory diodes are prepared at different process temperature. I-V characteristics of TiO2 thin films with Ag electrode are examined. The I-V curves show the rectification effect. From these characteristics diode parameters are evaluated.

Keywords:  I-V characteristic, TiO2

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2007, Physics)

I-V and C-V characteristics of MgTiO3 Thin films

Author: Win Pa Pa Htun,Thida Win2, Than Than Win3 , Yin Maung Maung1 and  Ko Ko Kyaw Soe1

Abstract:

           MgTiO3 thin films are prepared by sol-based method. Thin films are deposited onto p-type silicon by spin-coating technique with constant speed and heat treated at 600 for 1 hr to form MOS capacitor. From the I-V data, the saturation current (Io) are estimated from the plot: ideality factor and zero-bias barrier height are systematically investigated by the Schottky equation. From the C-V data, the flat-band voltage (up and down), the threshold voltage (up and down) and width are estimated the graphs. 

Keywords:  ideality factor, zero-bias barrier beight, flat-band voltage, threshold voltage

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2007, Physics)

Differential Thermal Aualysis of Al(1 mol%) Doped PbTiO3 Ceramics

Author: Kyi Kyi Aung1, Khin Nyo Win1,Lai Lai Aung2,Than Than Win3 , Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

          Al (9 mol%) doped PbTiO3 ceramics are prepared by the conventional solid solution method. Phase transition of PbTi(Al)O3 ceramics is examined by TG-DTA, From the differential thermal analysis, curie point of the PbTi(Al)O3 ceramics is determined.

Keywords:  TG-DTA, Phase transition.

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2007, Physics)

Study on Ferroelectric Behaviour of Al (9 Mol%) Doped PbTiO3 Thin Layer on p-Substrates

Author: Hla Hla Aye1, Mya Kyi2, Than Than Win3 , Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

          Al (9 mol%) doped PbTiO3, thin layers are prepared by own sol based method. Thin layers are deposited on p-Si (100) substrates by spin coating technique. Samples are heat treated at 500°C, 550°C, 600°C and 700°C for 2 hr each, respectively, XRD analyses are carried out to examine the phase assignment, crystallographic investigation and lattice parameters of thin layers. Ferroelectric behaviour of the hetero structures are treated by using modified Sawyer-Tower circuit.

Keywords: XRD, ferroelectric

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2007, Physics)

X-Rays Diffraction Analysis of Mg (2 mol%) Doped ZnO Thin Layers on Si Substrates

Author: Cho Cho Myat Aung1,Than Than Win2 , Ko Ko Kyaw Soe1

Abstract:

         Mg (2 mol%) doped ZnO thin layer are prepared by loquid phase deposition method and spin coating technique. Mg :  ZnO thin layer deposited on p-Si (100), heat treated at 400°C, 450°C, 500°C and 550°C for each 1 hr, respectively. XRD analysis are carried out to determine the crystallographic investigation of Mg : ZnO films. From the analysis, varstion of with lattice parameter is studied. 

Key words:  XRD, Lattice parameter

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2007, Physics)

Ferroelectric, Dielectric and Pyroelectric Properties of Lead-based Titanate Film for IR Sensor Application

Author: Than Than Win1 , Aye  Thandar Thwin2, Thin Wint Thida3, Yin Maung Maung4,   and   Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

       Temperature dependence of ferroelectric and pyroelectric behaviours of Lead-based titanate film on SiO2/ Si substrate were presented with a view toward studying the effect of dopant material in place of lead on lead on these properties. As thermal hysteresis loop, the change in polarization was believed to involve ion movement, which was affected by temperature, as expected. The observed increase in or with increasing dopant concentration was due to the increase in mobility of the ions as dopant material increased. As the effect in pyroelectric properties, the observed Lead-based titanate films were useful for temperature sensing.

Key words:  hysteresis, polarization, sensing

Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2007, Physics)

Pyroecletric Properties of Al Doped PbTiO3 Ceramics

Author: Yin Maung Maung1, Aye  Thandar Thwin2, Thin Wint Thida3, Than Than Win4 and
Ko Ko Kyaw Soe1

Abstract:

         Al (1mol% to 13 mol%) doped PbTiO3 ceramics are prepared by conventional solid solution method and heat treated at 700oC for 15 min, 30 min, 45 min and 60 min. Pyrocurrent of ceramic samples are studied by using home made temperature controller and nano ammeter, Pyroelectric coefficients of the samples are also examined.

Keywords: pyroelectric coefficient, annealing time. dopant concentration.

Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol. No-2(A), March 2007, Physics)

Structural Elucidation of an Unknown Biologically Active Organic Compound Isolated from Myanmar Indigenous Medicinal Plant Curcuma Petiolata (MA-LA)

Author: Aye Aye Cho1, Myint Myint Sein2 , Mya Aye3

Abstract:

         A potent unknown compound was isolated from rhizomes of Myanmar indigenous medicinal plant, Curcuma Petiolata, by using modern separation technique, such as, Thin Layer Chromatogram (TLC) and Column Chromatography. Recrystallization of this compound gave rise to colorless needle shape crystals. The yield is found to be 1.38% based upon the crude extract. This compound responded the highest activities on six tested organisms namely Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus arureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumalis, Candida albican and Mycobaterium species. The molecular formula, C15H21O5N, and the planar structure of this compound could be elucidated applying advanced spectroscopic methods, such as, FT-IR, 1H-NMR (600 MHz), 13C-NMR (150 MHz), DEPT, DQF-COSY, HSQS, NOESY and EI-Mass spectral data, respectively.

Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol-IV, No-1, Jun 2006, Chemistry)

Study on Ferroelectric Properties of TiO2/P-SiO2 (Metal/ Ferroelectric/ Insulator/Semiconductor) Thin Films

Author: May Yee Thein1, Yin Yin Thein2, Than Than Win3 and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

       Fabrication of TiO2/SiO2/[0Si (Metal/ Ferroelectric/ Insulator/ Semiconductor) thin films, deposited by liquid phase epitaxial growth method if presented. Samples are heated at 500?, 550?, 600?,650?, 700? each for 1hr respectively. The ferroelectric properties such as the remanent polarization Pr, the spontaneous polarization Ps, the coercive field Ec and the memory window (MW) of thin films are studied.

Keywords:  remanent polarization, spontaneous polarization, coercive field, memory window.

Published:  Universities Research Journal

Ecomorphological Comparison of Some Freshwater Fishes Using Ecomorphological Trait Measurements

Author: Aung May

Abstract:

         Habitat preferences of some freshwater fishes are predicted using ecomorphological trait measurements. A total of eight species of eight genera, under seven families and four orders were recorded. Out of eight species a gaint catfish locally known as Nga-yway is classified as Mystus krishnensis, not as M.gullio as mentioned by FAO.

      When predicted based on their structural modifications for feeding and swimming habits, the four groups formed in an ecomophological spaces were found as the following manners: (a) Tinougil corsula as a pelagic fish that can swim constantly; (b) Tennulosa ilisha as schooling fish that has good swimming ability which may be together with Notopterus notopterus that prefers open water; (c) M. krishnensis, Channa marulius, Wallago attu and Aorichthys aor form a large group as column feeders; (d) Bagarius uarrelli, bottom feeder, lies separately as a group.

Published:  Universities Research Journal

Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Naturally Occurring Bioactive Organic Compound (Flavonoid Type) from Seeds of Cassia Tora Linn (Dant Kywe)

Author: Than Win1, Myint Myint Htay2 and Mya Aye3

Abstract:

       Myanmar Traditional Indigenous Medicinal Plant, Cassia Tora Linn (Dant Kywe) was selected and chemically analysed for this research work. The seeds of Cassia Tora Linn (Dant Kywe) were collected from Natogyi township, Mandalay Division, Myanmar. A pure biologically active flavonoid type organic compound was separated by advanced chromatographic methods, such as, Column and Thin Layer Chromatograms from the seeds of Dant Kywe. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of this bioactive organic compound was tested by using agar well diffusion method on six organisms. The total yield of this compound was found to be 0.94% based upon the crude extract. The structure of the pure biologically active compound could be elucidated by using sophisticated spectroscopic methods, such as, FT-IR, 1H-NMR (600 MHz), 13C-NMR (150 MHz), DEPT, DZC-COSY, HSZC, HMBC and EI mass spectrums respectively. The molecular formula of this compound was found to be C26H26O5 and its hydrogen deficiency index was 14. This flavonoid type compound was reconfirmed by phytochemical test which gave the positive results.

Published:  Universities Research Journal

Growth of Barium Titanate Thin Film for Non-volatile Memory Device Application

Author:  Myint Thainn1, Yin Maung Maung2 and Than Than Win3

Abstract:

        The barium titanate (BaTiO) thin film based on MOS diode was firstly prepared by spin-coating technique. Dispersion of capacitance as a function of applied voltage was observed at 100 kHz. the bias voltage was cycled between ±1, ±2, ±3 and ±4V. From C-C hysteresis loop, flat-band voltage, threshold voltage, maximum accumulation capacitance and the width of memory window were estimated.

Key words: thin film transistor, drain characteristics, FRAM

Published:  Universities Research Journal

Growth and Characterization of Undoped Zinc Oxide Thin Film Solar Cell

Author: Yin Maung Maung1, Cho Cho Myat Aung2 ,Moe Moe Aye3 and Than Than Win4

Abstract:

         Zinc oxide thin film was prepared on SiO2/Si substrate by spin coating technique. The microstructural properties were studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). An Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) conductive layer was deposite on ZnO film in order to minimize the cell degadation. I-V characteristics of ITO coated cells were observed in dark condition. I-V characteristics of illuminated cell were measured by means of monochromatic Na-Lamp. Some performance parametres for the cell couls be determined and comparde to those of illumiated cell without buffer layer.

Key words: ITO conductive layer, cell degradation, buffer layer

Published:  Universities Research Journal

Growth and Characterization of Indium doped Zinc Oxide Solar Cell

Author: Yee Yee Oo1, Aye Aye Swe2 and Than Than Win3

Abstract:

         Indium doped Zinc oxide thin film was prepared on SiO2/Si substrate structure by spin-coating technique. The micro-structural properties were studied by scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). An Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) conductive layer was deposited on In: ZnO film in order to minimize the cell degradation. Current and voltage characteristics of ITP coated In: ZnO solar cells were observed when the incident light was prevented from exciting the solar cell. Current-Voltage characteristic of illuminated cell was also measured by means of monochromatic Na lamp. Some performance parameters for the cell could be determined from Isc-Voc curve and compared to these of illuminated cell without buffer layer.

Key words: Spain-coating, SEM, In: ZnO cell, Osv-Voc.

Published:  Universities Research Journal

Middle Permian faunas from Loikaw area, Kayah state and its paleobiogeographic implications

Author: Kyi Pyar Aung1, Bo San2 and Maung Maung3

Abstract:

        Permian rocks are widely distributed throughout Myanmar. Because of the tropical-equatorial climate, the rocks are commonly deeply weathered and covered by dense vegetation over much of the region. The temporal increase of the generic diversity can be explained by the northward drift of the Cimmerian continent during Permian time. The scarce occurrence or total absence of these essentially Tethys- indicating fusulinoideans the Sibumasu Block suggests that the eastern Cimmerian Continent was still far from the equatoro-tropical Cathaysian domain and was probably in a warm temperate or subtropical zone until the end of the Permian. The eastern Cimmerian areas finally migrated into a tropical zone by Late Triassic judging in the Kamawkala Limestone of Loikaw area in the Sibumasu Block.

Keywords : Cimmerian Continent; Paleobiogeography; Paleo-Tethys; Permian; Sibumasu Block.

Published:  Universities Research Journal

Palaeoecological and Palaeogeographical Significance of the Rugose Corals from the Middle Devonian "Maymyo Formation" in Pyinoolwin Township

Author: Khaing Khaing San

Abstract:

      In Myanmar, Middle Devonian coral bearing carbonate deposits are limited in Pyinnoolwin Township, Township, i.e. Padaukpin area and Pwepon area. At the generic level, most corals from the"Maymyo Formation" including Padaukpin Limestone and Pwepon Limesone are widely distributed especially in the Old World Realm. Detailed palaeoecological study indicates that the abundant rugose coral fauna from the Middle Devonian "Maymyo Formation " may have lived in a warm, shallow, well-oxygenated seas having moderate to high wave energy probably situated near the margin of the carbonate platform adjacent to the basinal deposits in tropical to temperate zone. After death they had been transported and quickly deposited in a calm water environment on the continental slope.

         Comparison of the rugose coral fauna in"Maymyo Formation" with those in other countries reveals that the rugose coral assemblages of the "Maymyo Formation" do not give any indication for a biogeographic relation to Gondwana or presumed Cinmerian blocks during the Middle Devonian. These fauna are definitely of the Rhenish-Bohemian region of basic of the faunal assemblages of Shan State of the western part of Sinoburmalaya) is interpreted as a massif belonging to the Gondwana domain which was separated form Gondwana by a wide ocean made it impossible for the benthonic organisms on the both flanks to freely migrate toward the opposing continental margin.

Key words: palaeoecology, palaeogeography, rugose corals, Middle Devonian.

Published:  Universities Research Journal

Extraction of Casein and Determination of its Components from Three Kinds of Milk

Author:  Khine Zar Wynn Lae1 and Aye Aye Cho2

Abstract:

          In this research work, cow, goat and buffalo milk were collected and the protein and sugar tests were carried out which gave rise to positive for protein and trace amount of sugar. Moreover, casein protein was extracted from each sample. It was found that cow milk contains 45.36% of casein, goat milk contains 5.47% of casein and buffalo milk contains 14.07% of casein. According to these data, cow milk contains the largest amount of casein. The elemental analysis of casein compounds were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). From these determinations, all three milk samples contain the sufficient amount of minerals. In other words, the three samples contain adequate amount of nutrients in suitable proportion that maintain the health of an individual.

Key words: casein protein, cow, goat, buffalo, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)

Published:  Universities Research Journal

Pollen Morphology of Genera Andrographis and Hemigraphis

Author: Khin Su Su Kyaw

Abstract:

       The taxonomic descri0ption and pollen morphology of five species belonging to two genera of family Acanthaceae have been collected and identified. The specimens were collected from different regions of Mandalay Region. Pollen morphology of all the collected species have been described with their aperture type, number, position, shape, size and sculpture pattern of exine. The aperture type of pollen grains are tricolporate. The exine sculpture of five species are distinctly and obscurely reticulate. The size of the grains are medium or large. The pollen key to the species has been constructed on the basic of palynological data.

keywords: pollen morphology, palynological data

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-6 )

Growth Rate and Habitat of Mud Crab, Scylla serrata (Forskal, 1755) in Bogalay and Laputta Townships, Ayeyarwady Division

Author: Kyi Kyi Maw

Abstract:

     The present investigation is on the relative growth, size at sexual maturity and population fluctuation of portunid crab, Scylla serrata (Forska;, 1755) in Bogalay and Laputta Townships, Ayeyarwady Region. The study period lasted from July 2014 to July 2015.

The culture of mud crab was conducted in ponds, pens and cages. Size, growth and survival rate of mud crabs were studied.

The mud crabs, S. serrata were collected from nature for grow out and fattening cultures. The morphometric measurements and weights were recorded before stocking the mud crabs.

The soil type and number of crabs were studied in hot, rainy and cool seasons. More number of crabs were observed in silty areas than muddy areas during the hot season, while in the rainy season, the number of crabs in muddy areas increased than those in silty areas. In the cool season, the number of S. serrata in muddy areas was found to be higher than those in silty areas.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-6 )

Isolation and Antimicrobial Activities of Microorganisms from Mollusk Species Around Chaungtha, Ayeyawady Region

Author: Khin Swe Mya

Abstract:

         In this study, 24 mollusk species were collected from Chaungtha, Ayeyawady Region and utilized to screen the antimicrobial activities of microorganisms. Isolation of microorganisms was done by dilution method and 50 strains of microorganisms were isolated from mollusk species. During the investigation of  their antimicrobial activities against the test organisms such as Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella tythimurium, Escherichra coli and Candida albicans were used. 36 isolated strains showed different antimicrobial activities against the test organisms. 

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-6 )

Application of Minimal Spanning Tree

Author: Kyaw San Lin

Abstract:

       In this paper, we introduce the basic definitions, notations and examples of graph. Then we discuss the concepts of tree, spanning tree and minimal spanning tree. We use the Prim's algorithm to build the cost-effective road system that connects all cities of the given weighted graph. 

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-6 )

Study on Thorium and Uranium Decay Series in Nuclear Emulsion

Author: Khin Than Tint
Abstract:

       There are four naturally occurring alpha decay series; amoung them Thorium and Uranium decay series occur in nuclear emulsion as the form of "alpha stars" emitted from a common point having five tracks and four tracks respectively. Nuclear emulsion is the photographic film with high spatial resolution. Tracks of particles can be seen using a microscope after the photographic development of nuclear emulsion film plate. In this paper, photographs of Thorium and Uranium decay series in various shapes are presented and their characteristics are discussed. This paper is intended for students who are studying nuclear physics to achieve the knowledge of alpha decay series by practically determining the alpha tracks in nuclear emulsion.

Key words: Thorium series, Uranium series, nuclear emulsion

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-6 )

Removal of Arsenic from Waste Water by using Magnesium ALuminium Carbonate Layered Double Hydroxides

Author: San San Htay

Abstract:

       In this research, Mg-Al-CO3, layered double hydroxide was synthesized by co-precipitation reaction between different mole ratios of Mg2+ and AL3+ in alkaline solution. The optimum yield 15.83 g of Mg-Al-CO3 LDH was obtained at the mole ratio of 3:1 (Mg2+ :Al3+). TG-DTA data of the Mg-Al-CO3, LDH sample showed the losses of surface water and adsorpted water at 59.02 and 105.42 HC, respectively. The decompositions of carbonate groups in interlayer structure and hydroxide in LDH structures were observed. In the FT IR spectrum, the broad band at 3463 cm-1 was attributed to the O-H stretching vibration in the LDH phase. The presence of carbonate in the interlayer was featured by its characteristic vibration at 1380 cm-1 and 683 cm-1. The formula of the prepared Mg-Al-CO3 layered  double hydroxide was calculated to be [Mg0.7Al0.3(OH)2] (CO3)0.15.0.55H2O. In the presence work structural memory property of layered double hydroxide was studied by calcinating the sample at 400 HC  and rehydration in alkaline solution. In this research, anion exchange properties of Mg-Al-CO3 layered double hydroxides were studied using model solution of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2)The intercalation of arsenite (AsO2) in the layered double hydroxide was confirmed by FT IR and XRD data. Application of Mg-Al-CO3 layered double hydroxide was studied by removing the arsenic ion in the waste water.

Keywords: Mg-Al-CO3 LDH, structural memory effect, anion-exchange, waste water

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-6 )

Structural Elucidation of an Unknown Alkaloid Isolated From One Myanmar Well-known Mushroom Scleroderma citrinum Pers. (Hmou-Kyaut-Khae)

Author: Yinn Kay Khaing

Abstract: 

 In this research work, preliminary phytochemical screening of one Myanmar mushroom, Scleroderma utrinum Pers. was done which was collected from Myinmu Township, Sagaing Region. Furthermore, a pure bioactive compound could be isolated from ethylacetate extract by using advanced separation techniques, such as thin layer and column chromatograms. The physical state of this compound is colourless needle shape crystal and the yield percent is found to be (12.01 mg, 0.8%) based upon the crude extract. The molecular formula of this compound was determined by using some spectroscopic methods such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT, HSQC and E-1mass spectrum respectively.

Keywords: Scleroderma utrinum, ager well, thin layer, column chromatogram, 1H  13C NMR, DEPT, HSQC, E-1 mass, HSQC, COSY, HMBC, NOESY.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-6 )

Splendid wood carvings in Pakokku Region

Author: Toe Toe Win

Abstract:

         In Myanmar, the pagodas, monasteries, roof-tiered halls and royal palace buildings are usually adorned with the handicrafts of wood carvings. The craftsmanship of the sculptors is so superb that it makes an impression of  real-life works. The study of the wood carvings of Myanmar throughout the successive periods of history must not pass the Ta-kes (ornamental backdrop) of pakokku neglected, as it represents the awe-struck superb craftsmanship in Myanmar traditional sculpture. These works throw light on the development of Myanmar traditional sculpture among the common people during the colonial period. The wood carvings carry the implications of exhorting the people to abide by the Dhamma (Teachings of Buddha). Besides, they also reveal the national sprit embodied in sculptors, people; this can be observed through the study of the wood carvings illustrating the Jataka stories.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-6 )

A Geographical Analysis on Socia-Economic Level In Budalin Township

Author: Khin Ohn Mar

Abstract:

        The main aim of this paper is to suggest the effective management system for future socio-economic development of this area. The economic activities of Budalin Township are mainly based on the agricultural sector. The socio-economic level of Budalin Township was analyzed by the Composite Index Development Method. The village tracts within Budalin Township had been classified into high, medium and low level of socio-economic development. There are only (12) percent of the total village tracts in Budalin Township which include the high level of socio-economic development. The socio-economic development of rural regions play an important role in Budalin Township. That is why (88) percent of the village tracts within Budalin Township is required to upgrade their respective necessary factors.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-6 )

A General Study of Kayah Dialect in the Context of Loikaw

Author: Tin Win Khaing

Abstract:

          This research focuses on the general study of Kayah dialect in the content of Loikaw. Like other varieties of Myanmar language, there are some salient differences between Kayah dialect and standard Myanmar language. Kayah dialect means regional dialect of Myanmar language used by the residents in Kayah state. The study of dialect is based on the differences of phonological, morphological and syntactic structures. To investigate the differences between Kayah dialect and standard Myanmar language, a total of twenty natives were interviewed and the authentic dialect of them from different social contexts has been recorded. Then, the collected data were compared with standard Myanmar language in order to find out the differences on morphological, syntactic and phonological structure between the standard Myanmar language and the dialect. The findings show that there is a significant difference in phonological system although there are some differences in morphological systems and syntactic the structure of the language.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-6 )

A Study on Thematic Development of Some Reading Passage

Author: Soe Soe Win

Abstract:

       This study aims to investigate the thematic development of the two different text types. Its objectives are to find out types of theme applied in these types and to study how the progression of themes over the course of the texts can organize them into a unified whole. In this study, some reading passage which were prescribed for second year students were studied in order to know how the authors had constructed these texts with appropriate theme choice. They were analysed by applying the theory of Martin, Matthiessen & Painter (1997). The results indicate that the topical theme is extensively used in both texts. The interpersonal themes contribute the least in these texts.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-6 )

A Study on some Freshwater Algae Found in Htanaunggone Inn, Myingyan Township

Author: Zaw Min Naing*

Abstract:

         In this paper, algal specimens were collected from Htanaunggone Inn, Myingyan township, Mandalay Region. Ten genera belonging to three divisions of algae were identified and classified in this study. There are Merismopedia, Chrococcus, Spirulina, Oscillatoria, Anabaena belonging to Cyanophyta, Scenedesmus, Spirogyra, Pediastrum, Closterium belonging to Chlorophyta and Phacus belonging to Euglenophyta.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-5 )

Study on some insect pests from Myingyan and its Environs

Author: *Khin Soe Win1 Lei Lei Win Maung2 Naw Yu Phaw Wah3

Abstract:

        The study period of the present work started from June, 2013 to September, 2013. This research work deals with (12) species, (12) genera (10) families and five order of insect pests of fruits and vegetable from yards of Myingyan and its environs. Classification of (12) species was described with order, family and genus characters. All of the (12) species were also described with common names host plants and damage, pest status, distribution, control and measurement were studied.

Key words: insect pests, environs, classification, characters, host plants, damage, distribution.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-5 )

Determination of the Wavelength of Green Laser Light by using Application of Statistical Method

Author: San Thet Nwe*

Abstract:

          In this paper, we discuss about statistical method which is used to find the number of students in entrance of Myingyan Degree College for the next academic years.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-5 )

Reflection Grating

Author: Hla Win Aung*

Abstract:

         The puropse of this paper is to determine the wavelength of green laser light by using DVD disc as reflection grating. This experiment has been done by using available facilities from Physics Department Laboratory in Myingyan Degree College. The measured value for the wavelength of green laser light used in this experiment was found to be     544.3 mm. The measured wavelength agrees with the wavelength of green light with the error of 2.3%.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-5 )

Investigation of Some Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Seeds of Miusops elengi Linn (Ka – yae)

Author: *Hay Man Min Oo

Abstract:

         Mimusops elengi Linn., locally known as Ka-yae in Myanmar possessing Sapotaceae family has been chosen to study some chemical constituents and biological activities on its seeds. The preliminary phytochemical results revealed the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, phenolic compounds, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids and tannins in this medicinal plant. Ka-yae seed oil was extracted from kernel of Ka-yae seeds by using soxhlet extraction method. Some physicochemical characteristic values of oil such as refractive index, specific gravity, acid value, iodine value, saponification value determined by the standard methods. The functional group of Ka-yae seed oil detected by FTIR spectroscopic technique. Moreover, the constituents of Ka-yae seed oil was investigated by using GC-MS spetroscopic method. In addition, the radical scarveging activity determined by DPPH assay method. The antimicrobial screening of EtOH and watery estracts of shell of Ka-yae seeds against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumilus, Candida albicans, and Escherichia coli were expressed by using Agar Well Diffusion method. And then, the contents of some elements in kernel and shell of Mimusops elengi Linn. (Ka-yae) seeds were determined by using AAS method.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-5 )

The Study of Some Verses in the Pakinnaka Vagga of Buddhist Canon

Author: Shwe Shwe Htwe1 , Aye Minn2

Abstract:

         Pakinnaka Vagga expresses practical and right ways to live with pliability in society for human beings. And for the bhikkhus, various ways that should be avoided and that should be done as they strive to gain their aim are pointed out. Therefore, in this Vagga, it is espressed that a few meritorious deeds can produce much benefit. Peace cannot be attained by returning emmity with animosity, enmity can be collapsed without retutning enmity with animosity and enmity will increases if it returns enmity with animosity.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-5 )

The Philosophical Perspective Culture and Folk-tales

Author: Malar Win*

Abstract:

         The aim of this paper is to show that culture and folk-tales play an important in a society. Moreover, it is an attempt to prove that folk-tales are necessary evidences to reveal traditional thought. By studying the various kinds of folk-tales, traditional thoughts such as religious, ethical and social thoughts, customs and way of life can be clearly found. Every society has its own folk-tales that can display thought of its people.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-5 )

Study and Submission of the Handicraft of the Chin Nationalities

Author: Pyon*

Abstract:

          It is a monograph studying and submitting the handicraft of the chin nationalities. The quoted facts are based on the government-published books, records, township-published magazines, the books of great historians and the interviews with some Chin nationalities. The paper presents the immigration and spread of the Chin people into Myanmar simultaneously with other national races. The flourishing of the culture of the chin people at the same level in status with the Kachin, Kayar, and Shan races is presented comparing with the human utensils and farm materials.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-5 )

A Geographical Analysis on Cotton Cultivation of Natogyi Township

Author: Thi Thi Khaing1

Abstract:

          Cotton (Gossyium spp.), the king of fibre, is closely linked to human civilization itself. Natogyi Township is one of the largest cotton producers of Mandalay Tegion. Cotton is the most important commercial crop and the backbone of agricultural activities in the study area. It also provides sustainable livelihoods for local people. This research paper emphasizes to know the spatio-temporal changes of cotton cultivation and production of Natogyi Township from geographical point of view. The differences between spatial patterns of cotton cultivated areas are determined by spatial indices that relate to the Lorenz Curve and Dissimilarity Index. The cooncentration of cotton sown areas are analyzed by means of Location quotients, which is the most extensively method to determine the concentration. Moreover, triennium average method is also used to analyze the temporal changes of cultivation and production of cotton. The author hopes the paper will be useful to various observers and students which are concerned directly or indirectly with cotton sector.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-5 )

Promoting Speaking Skills of the Non-English Specialization Students at Myingyan Degree College

Author: Myo Thandar Kyaw*

Abstract:

        The new course book " Straight Forward" was introduced to undergraduate non-English specialization students in Myanmar in the Academic Year 2012-2013. This course book focuses on language skills, speaking writing, reading and listening and pronunciation. Among them, this paper emphasizes on how to promote speaking skills of non-English students at Myingyan Degree College. The aims of this paper are to study the skills of the students in speaking and to promote speaking skills in English. It was found that most of the students were weak in speaking at the beginning of the academic year. Then, it investigates how to promote the students' shortcoming in speaking skills. It is very useful to the English language Teaching in speaking skills of the first year non-English specialization students.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-5 )

Way of Designating the Names of Villages at the Surroundings of Myingyan Degree College Myanmar Research Project

Author: Aye Mon Phone, Zaw Win, Than Than Soe

Abstract:

             This research paper on way of naming the villages at the surrounding of Myingyan Degree College attempts to study and put forward way of designating names of some villages within Myingayn Township and way of giving names of some villages within Taungthar Township. Aiming at emergence of spirit of cherishing and attaching to the country and nationality from spirit of loving and attaching to small villages, this monograph is complied. This paper attempts to revecl not only custom and way of life of rural residents but also rural nature. It is a monograph contributing the local need so as to be able to know way of designating the names of villages at one's surroundings and the name of village where one resides.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-5 )

STUDY ONSOME INSECT PESTS FROM MYITKYINA AND ITS ENVIRONS

Author: KhinSoe Win, ThazinHlaing, Nem Pan, Yan MyoNaing.

Abstract:

        Larvae of the insect pest of some vegetable were collected from fruit and vegetable from yards of Myitkyina and its environs. Study the morphametric and duration of each life stage were recorded until the whole life stage complete. Classification of studied four species from(4) Genus, three family, of order Lepidoptera, class insecta. This study four species of crop pests larva, pupa and adult stages occurred in  frour vegetable crops. The recorded insect pests were considered as the major pests causing great damage to the plants and yields.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-4 )

Experimental Study of the Surface Soils near The Myingyan Degree College Area

Author: Saw Mar Lar1, Hla Win Aung2, MyoMyoTun3

Abstract:

           In this paper, the experimental study of the elemental concentration of soil samples from the different farmlands near Myingyan Degree College has been performed. From the EDXRF, the major element such as silicon(Si) and the minor elements such as iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), titanium (Ti), strontium (Sr), zirconium (Zr), sulphur (S), zinc (Zn) and chromium (Cr) were found in the soil samples. The relative concentrations of iron (Fe), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and arsenic (As) were also presented. No significant amount of arsenic (As) was found by AAS method.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-4 )

To see' man as it is'

Author: Ohn Mar Win*

Abstract:

        Because of the difference of religion and human races, these has been occuring many problems all our the world. The most fundamental thing is to see man as it is. I will present that basic concept from the point of view of Buddhism.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-4 )

“Aesthetic Versification through TaungNgu Period’s Aye gyin Verses”

Author: Tin Oo*(Footnotes)

Abstract:

        This research paper is conducted about the aesthetics of the TaungNgu period’s poems. The Aesthetic versification through TaungNgu period’s Aye gyin verses are extracted. Since the main aim of the composition of the verses is to stimulate the patriotism and national spirit, most verses of these draw the inspiration from compositions. These are obviously seen to be able to take pride in nation and its people

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-4 )

APPLICATION OF STATISTICAL METHODS ON FINDING MEDAIN, MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF BMI FOR THIRD YEAR STUDENTS

Author: Hla Win

Abstract:

       We collect the data of 140 mathematics third year students in Myingyan Degree collage. The organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data have done to compute median, mean and standard deviation of weights and heights of the students. Finally we discuss the body mass index (BMI) of the 140 students.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-4 )

Study and Submission of the Music of the Chin Nationalities

Author: Dr. Daw Phone, Professor and Head of History Department
Abstract:

          It is a monograph studying and submitting the music art of the chin nationalities. The quoted facts are based on the government-published books, records, township-published magazines, the books of great historians and the interviews with some Chin nationalities. The paper presents the immigration and spread of the Chin people into Myanmar simultaneously with the other national races. Through the study of the distinctive and gentle music art, the aesthetic impromptu poetic songs and musical instruments of the chin nationality, it is submitted comparing with the traditional musical instruments of the Kayin, Kayar, Kachin and Shan.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-4 )

The study on the Cretaceous and upper Tertiary (Neogene) Stratigraphy of Powintaung Area, Yinmabin Township, Sagaing Division.

Author: U Saw KhunKyi, Assistant lecture, Geology Department

Abstract:

       The study area lies in the Yinmabin. Township, Sahaing division. It is  situated in the Inner- Burman Tertiary Basin, which is relatively a lowlying province between the sino-Barman Ragnes to the east and the Indo-Barman Ranges to the west. The Cretaceous Basement Complex forms a majority of the present area and consists chiefly of diabase, diorite a granophyre. Wagintaung Formation is mainly composed of well cemented sandstones and conglomerate with subordinated mudstone, Eocene age. This formation is deposited under fluvial environments. The Damapala Formation (lower miocene) overliesnonconformably on the Basement Complex. The upper part of the Damapala formation consists of interbedded Sandstones and mudstones. This formation is deposited under shallow maineervironment. A small hill, locally known as Thingyaungtaung, consists entirely of such dyke rocks-bringer of the copper minralization. Magnesites, Limestones, Sandstone bricks, Hematites, Golds, Gravel, Sand Soap.are economically important.

Keywords: Basement complex, Cretaceous age, Wazintaung formation, Eocene age, Damapala Formation, Lower Miocene age, Shallow Marine environment.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-4 )