Capacitance- Voltage Hystersis Loop of PTA Film

Author: Nwe Nwe Aye1, Nwe Nwe Win2,Than Than Win3,Yin Maung Maung1,

Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

        C-V Hysteresis loop was generated by measuring capacitance value in different biased voltage for both directions. As the generated loop, the fabricated PTA film was confirmed as ferroelectric material.

Key Words: fabricated PTA film, C-V Hysteresis loop, ferroelectric material.

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2008, Physics)

Study on Crystallographic Properties of Li Doped ZnO Thin FiLms

Author: Khine Khine Linn1, Than Than Win2, Yin Maung Maung3 and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

        Li-doped ZnO film is prepared on highly polished Si substrate. The process temperature are range from 400oC to 600C and maintained 1 hr for homogenization. According to the experimental results, it is significant that the growth chemistry is quite feasible and expected to be crystalline at above-mentioned temperatures.

Key words: Li-doped ZnO films, process temperature, homogenization

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2008, Physics)

Output Characteristics of PbTi(A1) O3(x=0.06 mol) Gated TFT

Author: May Aye Khaing1, Than Than Win2,Yin Maung Maung3, Ko Ko Kyaw Soe3

Abstract:

      PbTiAlO3 gated thin film transistor is firstly prepared for 1T of FRAM application. For output characteristics of fabricated TFT, IDS-VGS relationship is studied at different gate to source to source voltages.
Key words: thin film transistor (TFT), IDS-VGS relationship.

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2008, Physics)

Process Temperature Dependence on I-V Characteristics of Zn0.98Mg0.02O Films in Dark Condition

Author: Cho Cho Myat Aung1, Than Than Win2, Yin Maung Maung1& Ko Ko Kyaw Soe3

Abstract:

I-V characteristics of Zn0.98 Mg0.02O/P-Si(100) cells were measured in daek condition (background  rad=0). The behaviour of the 1nI with respect to the biased voltage was investigated at different  process temperature to obtain identity factor and zero-bias barrier height in order to utilize the laboratory prepared semiconductor devices especially for photovoltaic cell.

Key words: Current-voltage characteristics,  identity factor,zero-bias barrier height

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2008, Physics)

P-E Hysteresis Loop of Zinc Ferrite Films

Author: Than Than Swe1, Su Su Aung2, Than Than Win3 and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

     Growth of zinc ferrite films were performed on highly-polished substrate at different process temperature. Following this, P-E hysteresis loop was generated by spontaneous polarization, coercive field and memory window of zinc ferrite thin films were films were evaluated.

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2008, Physics)

Crystallographic Investingation of Ag (4mol%) Doped ZnO (SZO) Thin Films by XRD

Author: Lwin Lwin Nwe1, Khant Khant Lin1, Khin Thuzar1 ,Than Than Win2 and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe3

Abstract:

       Silver doped ZnO (SZO) thin films are prepared by sol-based method. The silver dopant concentration is 4 mol% in this case. XRD analysis carried out to determine, crystallographic properties such as lattice parameters and crystallite size of SZO thin films.

Key words: XRD, Lattice parameters and crystallite size

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2008, Physics)

Transient Response of Cu/PTA 1/p-Si(100) Multilayer Configuration

Author: Kyi Kyi Aung1, Khin Nyo Win1, Lai Lai Aung2, Than Than Win3 and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

      The temperature dependence of the transient current is important for the understanding of the trapping mechanisms in the dielectrics during processing. Before the I-V and C-V measurements, transient response was essentially analysed to avoid unnecessary current occurrence.

Keywords: transient response, I-V characteristic, C-V characteristic.

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2008, Physics)

Processing and Characterization of AI (4 mol%) Doped PbTiO3 Ferroelectric Memory Diode

Author: Nwe Nwe Win1, Nwe Nwe Aye2, Yin Mg Mg2,Than Than Win3& Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

       Ferroelectric memory diode of A1 (4 mol%) doped PbTiO3 thin films prepared by sol-based deposition method. For electrical characteristic, IV variation was  essentially studied. From this curve, LVR (Low Voltage Resistance), Imax and VTH were observed. From In From In I-V linear relationship η and ϕbo were measured.

Keywords  :  In I vs V, Imax VTH, η and ϕbo

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2008, Physics)

1/C2-V Characteristics of TiO2/SiO2/p-Si(Metal/Ferroelectric/ Insulator/Semiconductor) Thin Films

Author: May Yee Thein1, Yin Yin Thein2, Than Than Win3, and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

       Fabrication of TiO2/SiO2/p-Si (Metal/ Ferroelectri/ Insulator/ Semiconductor) thin films, deposited by liquid phase epitaxial growth method was presented. I/C2-V characteristic at room temperature measured at frequency of 100 kHz for TiO2 thin films anneal at 500 ˚C , 550 ˚C, 600 ˚C, 650 ˚C and 700 ˚C were investigated. Measurement of C as a function of reverse bias was used to determine the built-in potential and dopant concentration. A plot of 1/C2 as a function V was a straight line which intercept on the voltage axis gives Vbi, and the slope was used to determine the effective dopant concentration Ni.

Key words: dopant concentration, depletion layer width, built-in potential

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol.VI,No-2(A), March  2008, Physics)

Ferroelectric and Pyroelectric Properties of Ca- Modified PbTiO3 Ceramic Films by Electrophoretic Deposition Method

Author: Khin Mar Win1, Aye Thandar Oo2, Khin Myo Aye2, Than Than Win3 and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe2

Abstract:

        In the present investigation, the electrophoretic deposition of Ca-modified PbTiO3 (abbreviated to PCT) films has been attempted. The preparative parameters are optimized forelectrophoretic deposition of the films. Pb1-xCaxTiO3 ceramic thin films are prepared from theraw materials of PbO, CaO and TiO2 with purity of 99.9%. By changing the Ca content(1-4 mol%) and heating temperatures 200˚C and 500˚C, the influence of variousprocessing parameters on the ferroelectric and pyroelectric characteristics of PCT samples are studied. The results are discussed at length in this paper,

Key words:  electrophoretic deposition, ferroelectric, pyroelectric

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(B), March  2007, Physics)

Scanning Electron Microscopy Observation of Li-doped ZnO Films

Author: Khine Khine Linn1, Than Than Win2, Yin Mg Mg3 and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe3

Abstract:

     Preparation of Li doped ZnO film grown on Si substrate was presented. Surface morphology and microstructural observation of Li doped ZnO film were investigated by SEM. Li doped ZnO film quality and homogeneity were examined by SEM images. Grain sizes of Li doped ZnO films were predicted from SEM images. Pore and grain growth of these films were also analyzed.  

Keywords :  SEM, pore, grain size

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(B), March  2007, Physics)

Ferroelectric behaviours of MgtiO3 thin film for Memory Diode Application

Author: Thida Win1, Win Pa Pa Tun2 ,  Ko Ko Kyaw Soe2 Yin Maung Maung2 and Than Than Win3

Abstract:

       MgTiO3 thin films are prepared by solid sol-based method. Thin films are deposited onto p-type silicon by spin coating technique with constant speed and heat treated at 600°C for 1 hr to form MOS capacitor. The device is characteristics of thin film capacitors are carried out. The results are analyzed and found that the characteristics of P-E from the hysteresis loop, the remanent polarization (Pr), the remanent polarization (Ps), the coercive field (Ec) and the memory window (MW) are measured.

Keywords:  hysteresis loop, P-E variation.

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2007, Physics)

Current Versus Voltage Characteristics in TiO2 Thin Films for FMD Application

Author: May Yee Thein1,Yin Yin Thein1 ,Than Than Win3 and  Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

     TO2 thin film memory diodes are prepared at different process temperature. I-V characteristics of TiO2 thin films with Ag electrode are examined. The I-V curves show the rectification effect. From these characteristics diode parameters are evaluated.

Keywords:  I-V characteristic, TiO2

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2007, Physics)

I-V and C-V characteristics of MgTiO3 Thin films

Author: Win Pa Pa Htun,Thida Win2, Than Than Win3 , Yin Maung Maung1 and  Ko Ko Kyaw Soe1

Abstract:

           MgTiO3 thin films are prepared by sol-based method. Thin films are deposited onto p-type silicon by spin-coating technique with constant speed and heat treated at 600 for 1 hr to form MOS capacitor. From the I-V data, the saturation current (Io) are estimated from the plot: ideality factor and zero-bias barrier height are systematically investigated by the Schottky equation. From the C-V data, the flat-band voltage (up and down), the threshold voltage (up and down) and width are estimated the graphs. 

Keywords:  ideality factor, zero-bias barrier beight, flat-band voltage, threshold voltage

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2007, Physics)

Differential Thermal Aualysis of Al(1 mol%) Doped PbTiO3 Ceramics

Author: Kyi Kyi Aung1, Khin Nyo Win1,Lai Lai Aung2,Than Than Win3 , Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

          Al (9 mol%) doped PbTiO3 ceramics are prepared by the conventional solid solution method. Phase transition of PbTi(Al)O3 ceramics is examined by TG-DTA, From the differential thermal analysis, curie point of the PbTi(Al)O3 ceramics is determined.

Keywords:  TG-DTA, Phase transition.

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2007, Physics)

Study on Ferroelectric Behaviour of Al (9 Mol%) Doped PbTiO3 Thin Layer on p-Substrates

Author: Hla Hla Aye1, Mya Kyi2, Than Than Win3 , Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

          Al (9 mol%) doped PbTiO3, thin layers are prepared by own sol based method. Thin layers are deposited on p-Si (100) substrates by spin coating technique. Samples are heat treated at 500°C, 550°C, 600°C and 700°C for 2 hr each, respectively, XRD analyses are carried out to examine the phase assignment, crystallographic investigation and lattice parameters of thin layers. Ferroelectric behaviour of the hetero structures are treated by using modified Sawyer-Tower circuit.

Keywords: XRD, ferroelectric

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2007, Physics)

X-Rays Diffraction Analysis of Mg (2 mol%) Doped ZnO Thin Layers on Si Substrates

Author: Cho Cho Myat Aung1,Than Than Win2 , Ko Ko Kyaw Soe1

Abstract:

         Mg (2 mol%) doped ZnO thin layer are prepared by loquid phase deposition method and spin coating technique. Mg :  ZnO thin layer deposited on p-Si (100), heat treated at 400°C, 450°C, 500°C and 550°C for each 1 hr, respectively. XRD analysis are carried out to determine the crystallographic investigation of Mg : ZnO films. From the analysis, varstion of with lattice parameter is studied. 

Key words:  XRD, Lattice parameter

Published:  Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2007, Physics)

Ferroelectric, Dielectric and Pyroelectric Properties of Lead-based Titanate Film for IR Sensor Application

Author: Than Than Win1 , Aye  Thandar Thwin2, Thin Wint Thida3, Yin Maung Maung4,   and   Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

       Temperature dependence of ferroelectric and pyroelectric behaviours of Lead-based titanate film on SiO2/ Si substrate were presented with a view toward studying the effect of dopant material in place of lead on lead on these properties. As thermal hysteresis loop, the change in polarization was believed to involve ion movement, which was affected by temperature, as expected. The observed increase in or with increasing dopant concentration was due to the increase in mobility of the ions as dopant material increased. As the effect in pyroelectric properties, the observed Lead-based titanate films were useful for temperature sensing.

Key words:  hysteresis, polarization, sensing

Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol , No-2(A), March  2007, Physics)

Pyroecletric Properties of Al Doped PbTiO3 Ceramics

Author: Yin Maung Maung1, Aye  Thandar Thwin2, Thin Wint Thida3, Than Than Win4 and
Ko Ko Kyaw Soe1

Abstract:

         Al (1mol% to 13 mol%) doped PbTiO3 ceramics are prepared by conventional solid solution method and heat treated at 700oC for 15 min, 30 min, 45 min and 60 min. Pyrocurrent of ceramic samples are studied by using home made temperature controller and nano ammeter, Pyroelectric coefficients of the samples are also examined.

Keywords: pyroelectric coefficient, annealing time. dopant concentration.

Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol. No-2(A), March 2007, Physics)

Structural Elucidation of an Unknown Biologically Active Organic Compound Isolated from Myanmar Indigenous Medicinal Plant Curcuma Petiolata (MA-LA)

Author: Aye Aye Cho1, Myint Myint Sein2 , Mya Aye3

Abstract:

         A potent unknown compound was isolated from rhizomes of Myanmar indigenous medicinal plant, Curcuma Petiolata, by using modern separation technique, such as, Thin Layer Chromatogram (TLC) and Column Chromatography. Recrystallization of this compound gave rise to colorless needle shape crystals. The yield is found to be 1.38% based upon the crude extract. This compound responded the highest activities on six tested organisms namely Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus arureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumalis, Candida albican and Mycobaterium species. The molecular formula, C15H21O5N, and the planar structure of this compound could be elucidated applying advanced spectroscopic methods, such as, FT-IR, 1H-NMR (600 MHz), 13C-NMR (150 MHz), DEPT, DQF-COSY, HSQS, NOESY and EI-Mass spectral data, respectively.

Published:  Myanmar Academy of Arts and Science Research Journal (Vol-IV, No-1, Jun 2006, Chemistry)

Study on Ferroelectric Properties of TiO2/P-SiO2 (Metal/ Ferroelectric/ Insulator/Semiconductor) Thin Films

Author: May Yee Thein1, Yin Yin Thein2, Than Than Win3 and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract:

       Fabrication of TiO2/SiO2/[0Si (Metal/ Ferroelectric/ Insulator/ Semiconductor) thin films, deposited by liquid phase epitaxial growth method if presented. Samples are heated at 500?, 550?, 600?,650?, 700? each for 1hr respectively. The ferroelectric properties such as the remanent polarization Pr, the spontaneous polarization Ps, the coercive field Ec and the memory window (MW) of thin films are studied.

Keywords:  remanent polarization, spontaneous polarization, coercive field, memory window.

Published:  Universities Research Journal

Ecomorphological Comparison of Some Freshwater Fishes Using Ecomorphological Trait Measurements

Author: Aung May

Abstract:

         Habitat preferences of some freshwater fishes are predicted using ecomorphological trait measurements. A total of eight species of eight genera, under seven families and four orders were recorded. Out of eight species a gaint catfish locally known as Nga-yway is classified as Mystus krishnensis, not as M.gullio as mentioned by FAO.

      When predicted based on their structural modifications for feeding and swimming habits, the four groups formed in an ecomophological spaces were found as the following manners: (a) Tinougil corsula as a pelagic fish that can swim constantly; (b) Tennulosa ilisha as schooling fish that has good swimming ability which may be together with Notopterus notopterus that prefers open water; (c) M. krishnensis, Channa marulius, Wallago attu and Aorichthys aor form a large group as column feeders; (d) Bagarius uarrelli, bottom feeder, lies separately as a group.

Published:  Universities Research Journal

Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Naturally Occurring Bioactive Organic Compound (Flavonoid Type) from Seeds of Cassia Tora Linn (Dant Kywe)

Author: Than Win1, Myint Myint Htay2 and Mya Aye3

Abstract:

       Myanmar Traditional Indigenous Medicinal Plant, Cassia Tora Linn (Dant Kywe) was selected and chemically analysed for this research work. The seeds of Cassia Tora Linn (Dant Kywe) were collected from Natogyi township, Mandalay Division, Myanmar. A pure biologically active flavonoid type organic compound was separated by advanced chromatographic methods, such as, Column and Thin Layer Chromatograms from the seeds of Dant Kywe. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of this bioactive organic compound was tested by using agar well diffusion method on six organisms. The total yield of this compound was found to be 0.94% based upon the crude extract. The structure of the pure biologically active compound could be elucidated by using sophisticated spectroscopic methods, such as, FT-IR, 1H-NMR (600 MHz), 13C-NMR (150 MHz), DEPT, DZC-COSY, HSZC, HMBC and EI mass spectrums respectively. The molecular formula of this compound was found to be C26H26O5 and its hydrogen deficiency index was 14. This flavonoid type compound was reconfirmed by phytochemical test which gave the positive results.

Published:  Universities Research Journal

Growth of Barium Titanate Thin Film for Non-volatile Memory Device Application

Author:  Myint Thainn1, Yin Maung Maung2 and Than Than Win3

Abstract:

        The barium titanate (BaTiO) thin film based on MOS diode was firstly prepared by spin-coating technique. Dispersion of capacitance as a function of applied voltage was observed at 100 kHz. the bias voltage was cycled between ±1, ±2, ±3 and ±4V. From C-C hysteresis loop, flat-band voltage, threshold voltage, maximum accumulation capacitance and the width of memory window were estimated.

Key words: thin film transistor, drain characteristics, FRAM

Published:  Universities Research Journal

Growth and Characterization of Undoped Zinc Oxide Thin Film Solar Cell

Author: Yin Maung Maung1, Cho Cho Myat Aung2 ,Moe Moe Aye3 and Than Than Win4

Abstract:

         Zinc oxide thin film was prepared on SiO2/Si substrate by spin coating technique. The microstructural properties were studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). An Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) conductive layer was deposite on ZnO film in order to minimize the cell degadation. I-V characteristics of ITO coated cells were observed in dark condition. I-V characteristics of illuminated cell were measured by means of monochromatic Na-Lamp. Some performance parametres for the cell couls be determined and comparde to those of illumiated cell without buffer layer.

Key words: ITO conductive layer, cell degradation, buffer layer

Published:  Universities Research Journal

Growth and Characterization of Indium doped Zinc Oxide Solar Cell

Author: Yee Yee Oo1, Aye Aye Swe2 and Than Than Win3

Abstract:

         Indium doped Zinc oxide thin film was prepared on SiO2/Si substrate structure by spin-coating technique. The micro-structural properties were studied by scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). An Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) conductive layer was deposited on In: ZnO film in order to minimize the cell degradation. Current and voltage characteristics of ITP coated In: ZnO solar cells were observed when the incident light was prevented from exciting the solar cell. Current-Voltage characteristic of illuminated cell was also measured by means of monochromatic Na lamp. Some performance parameters for the cell could be determined from Isc-Voc curve and compared to these of illuminated cell without buffer layer.

Key words: Spain-coating, SEM, In: ZnO cell, Osv-Voc.

Published:  Universities Research Journal

Middle Permian faunas from Loikaw area, Kayah state and its paleobiogeographic implications

Author: Kyi Pyar Aung1, Bo San2 and Maung Maung3

Abstract:

        Permian rocks are widely distributed throughout Myanmar. Because of the tropical-equatorial climate, the rocks are commonly deeply weathered and covered by dense vegetation over much of the region. The temporal increase of the generic diversity can be explained by the northward drift of the Cimmerian continent during Permian time. The scarce occurrence or total absence of these essentially Tethys- indicating fusulinoideans the Sibumasu Block suggests that the eastern Cimmerian Continent was still far from the equatoro-tropical Cathaysian domain and was probably in a warm temperate or subtropical zone until the end of the Permian. The eastern Cimmerian areas finally migrated into a tropical zone by Late Triassic judging in the Kamawkala Limestone of Loikaw area in the Sibumasu Block.

Keywords : Cimmerian Continent; Paleobiogeography; Paleo-Tethys; Permian; Sibumasu Block.

Published:  Universities Research Journal

Palaeoecological and Palaeogeographical Significance of the Rugose Corals from the Middle Devonian "Maymyo Formation" in Pyinoolwin Township

Author: Khaing Khaing San

Abstract:

      In Myanmar, Middle Devonian coral bearing carbonate deposits are limited in Pyinnoolwin Township, Township, i.e. Padaukpin area and Pwepon area. At the generic level, most corals from the"Maymyo Formation" including Padaukpin Limestone and Pwepon Limesone are widely distributed especially in the Old World Realm. Detailed palaeoecological study indicates that the abundant rugose coral fauna from the Middle Devonian "Maymyo Formation " may have lived in a warm, shallow, well-oxygenated seas having moderate to high wave energy probably situated near the margin of the carbonate platform adjacent to the basinal deposits in tropical to temperate zone. After death they had been transported and quickly deposited in a calm water environment on the continental slope.

         Comparison of the rugose coral fauna in"Maymyo Formation" with those in other countries reveals that the rugose coral assemblages of the "Maymyo Formation" do not give any indication for a biogeographic relation to Gondwana or presumed Cinmerian blocks during the Middle Devonian. These fauna are definitely of the Rhenish-Bohemian region of basic of the faunal assemblages of Shan State of the western part of Sinoburmalaya) is interpreted as a massif belonging to the Gondwana domain which was separated form Gondwana by a wide ocean made it impossible for the benthonic organisms on the both flanks to freely migrate toward the opposing continental margin.

Key words: palaeoecology, palaeogeography, rugose corals, Middle Devonian.

Published:  Universities Research Journal

Extraction of Casein and Determination of its Components from Three Kinds of Milk

Author:  Khine Zar Wynn Lae1 and Aye Aye Cho2

Abstract:

          In this research work, cow, goat and buffalo milk were collected and the protein and sugar tests were carried out which gave rise to positive for protein and trace amount of sugar. Moreover, casein protein was extracted from each sample. It was found that cow milk contains 45.36% of casein, goat milk contains 5.47% of casein and buffalo milk contains 14.07% of casein. According to these data, cow milk contains the largest amount of casein. The elemental analysis of casein compounds were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). From these determinations, all three milk samples contain the sufficient amount of minerals. In other words, the three samples contain adequate amount of nutrients in suitable proportion that maintain the health of an individual.

Key words: casein protein, cow, goat, buffalo, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)

Published:  Universities Research Journal

Pollen Morphology of Genera Andrographis and Hemigraphis

Author: Khin Su Su Kyaw

Abstract:

       The taxonomic descri0ption and pollen morphology of five species belonging to two genera of family Acanthaceae have been collected and identified. The specimens were collected from different regions of Mandalay Region. Pollen morphology of all the collected species have been described with their aperture type, number, position, shape, size and sculpture pattern of exine. The aperture type of pollen grains are tricolporate. The exine sculpture of five species are distinctly and obscurely reticulate. The size of the grains are medium or large. The pollen key to the species has been constructed on the basic of palynological data.

keywords: pollen morphology, palynological data

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-6 )

Growth Rate and Habitat of Mud Crab, Scylla serrata (Forskal, 1755) in Bogalay and Laputta Townships, Ayeyarwady Division

Author: Kyi Kyi Maw

Abstract:

     The present investigation is on the relative growth, size at sexual maturity and population fluctuation of portunid crab, Scylla serrata (Forska;, 1755) in Bogalay and Laputta Townships, Ayeyarwady Region. The study period lasted from July 2014 to July 2015.

The culture of mud crab was conducted in ponds, pens and cages. Size, growth and survival rate of mud crabs were studied.

The mud crabs, S. serrata were collected from nature for grow out and fattening cultures. The morphometric measurements and weights were recorded before stocking the mud crabs.

The soil type and number of crabs were studied in hot, rainy and cool seasons. More number of crabs were observed in silty areas than muddy areas during the hot season, while in the rainy season, the number of crabs in muddy areas increased than those in silty areas. In the cool season, the number of S. serrata in muddy areas was found to be higher than those in silty areas.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-6 )

Isolation and Antimicrobial Activities of Microorganisms from Mollusk Species Around Chaungtha, Ayeyawady Region

Author: Khin Swe Mya

Abstract:

         In this study, 24 mollusk species were collected from Chaungtha, Ayeyawady Region and utilized to screen the antimicrobial activities of microorganisms. Isolation of microorganisms was done by dilution method and 50 strains of microorganisms were isolated from mollusk species. During the investigation of  their antimicrobial activities against the test organisms such as Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella tythimurium, Escherichra coli and Candida albicans were used. 36 isolated strains showed different antimicrobial activities against the test organisms. 

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-6 )

Application of Minimal Spanning Tree

Author: Kyaw San Lin

Abstract:

       In this paper, we introduce the basic definitions, notations and examples of graph. Then we discuss the concepts of tree, spanning tree and minimal spanning tree. We use the Prim's algorithm to build the cost-effective road system that connects all cities of the given weighted graph. 

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-6 )

Study on Thorium and Uranium Decay Series in Nuclear Emulsion

Author: Khin Than Tint
Abstract:

       There are four naturally occurring alpha decay series; amoung them Thorium and Uranium decay series occur in nuclear emulsion as the form of "alpha stars" emitted from a common point having five tracks and four tracks respectively. Nuclear emulsion is the photographic film with high spatial resolution. Tracks of particles can be seen using a microscope after the photographic development of nuclear emulsion film plate. In this paper, photographs of Thorium and Uranium decay series in various shapes are presented and their characteristics are discussed. This paper is intended for students who are studying nuclear physics to achieve the knowledge of alpha decay series by practically determining the alpha tracks in nuclear emulsion.

Key words: Thorium series, Uranium series, nuclear emulsion

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-6 )

Removal of Arsenic from Waste Water by using Magnesium ALuminium Carbonate Layered Double Hydroxides

Author: San San Htay

Abstract:

       In this research, Mg-Al-CO3, layered double hydroxide was synthesized by co-precipitation reaction between different mole ratios of Mg2+ and AL3+ in alkaline solution. The optimum yield 15.83 g of Mg-Al-CO3 LDH was obtained at the mole ratio of 3:1 (Mg2+ :Al3+). TG-DTA data of the Mg-Al-CO3, LDH sample showed the losses of surface water and adsorpted water at 59.02 and 105.42 HC, respectively. The decompositions of carbonate groups in interlayer structure and hydroxide in LDH structures were observed. In the FT IR spectrum, the broad band at 3463 cm-1 was attributed to the O-H stretching vibration in the LDH phase. The presence of carbonate in the interlayer was featured by its characteristic vibration at 1380 cm-1 and 683 cm-1. The formula of the prepared Mg-Al-CO3 layered  double hydroxide was calculated to be [Mg0.7Al0.3(OH)2] (CO3)0.15.0.55H2O. In the presence work structural memory property of layered double hydroxide was studied by calcinating the sample at 400 HC  and rehydration in alkaline solution. In this research, anion exchange properties of Mg-Al-CO3 layered double hydroxides were studied using model solution of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2)The intercalation of arsenite (AsO2) in the layered double hydroxide was confirmed by FT IR and XRD data. Application of Mg-Al-CO3 layered double hydroxide was studied by removing the arsenic ion in the waste water.

Keywords: Mg-Al-CO3 LDH, structural memory effect, anion-exchange, waste water

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-6 )

Structural Elucidation of an Unknown Alkaloid Isolated From One Myanmar Well-known Mushroom Scleroderma citrinum Pers. (Hmou-Kyaut-Khae)

Author: Yinn Kay Khaing

Abstract: 

 In this research work, preliminary phytochemical screening of one Myanmar mushroom, Scleroderma utrinum Pers. was done which was collected from Myinmu Township, Sagaing Region. Furthermore, a pure bioactive compound could be isolated from ethylacetate extract by using advanced separation techniques, such as thin layer and column chromatograms. The physical state of this compound is colourless needle shape crystal and the yield percent is found to be (12.01 mg, 0.8%) based upon the crude extract. The molecular formula of this compound was determined by using some spectroscopic methods such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT, HSQC and E-1mass spectrum respectively.

Keywords: Scleroderma utrinum, ager well, thin layer, column chromatogram, 1H  13C NMR, DEPT, HSQC, E-1 mass, HSQC, COSY, HMBC, NOESY.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-6 )

Splendid wood carvings in Pakokku Region

Author: Toe Toe Win

Abstract:

         In Myanmar, the pagodas, monasteries, roof-tiered halls and royal palace buildings are usually adorned with the handicrafts of wood carvings. The craftsmanship of the sculptors is so superb that it makes an impression of  real-life works. The study of the wood carvings of Myanmar throughout the successive periods of history must not pass the Ta-kes (ornamental backdrop) of pakokku neglected, as it represents the awe-struck superb craftsmanship in Myanmar traditional sculpture. These works throw light on the development of Myanmar traditional sculpture among the common people during the colonial period. The wood carvings carry the implications of exhorting the people to abide by the Dhamma (Teachings of Buddha). Besides, they also reveal the national sprit embodied in sculptors, people; this can be observed through the study of the wood carvings illustrating the Jataka stories.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-6 )

A Geographical Analysis on Socia-Economic Level In Budalin Township

Author: Khin Ohn Mar

Abstract:

        The main aim of this paper is to suggest the effective management system for future socio-economic development of this area. The economic activities of Budalin Township are mainly based on the agricultural sector. The socio-economic level of Budalin Township was analyzed by the Composite Index Development Method. The village tracts within Budalin Township had been classified into high, medium and low level of socio-economic development. There are only (12) percent of the total village tracts in Budalin Township which include the high level of socio-economic development. The socio-economic development of rural regions play an important role in Budalin Township. That is why (88) percent of the village tracts within Budalin Township is required to upgrade their respective necessary factors.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-6 )

A General Study of Kayah Dialect in the Context of Loikaw

Author: Tin Win Khaing

Abstract:

          This research focuses on the general study of Kayah dialect in the content of Loikaw. Like other varieties of Myanmar language, there are some salient differences between Kayah dialect and standard Myanmar language. Kayah dialect means regional dialect of Myanmar language used by the residents in Kayah state. The study of dialect is based on the differences of phonological, morphological and syntactic structures. To investigate the differences between Kayah dialect and standard Myanmar language, a total of twenty natives were interviewed and the authentic dialect of them from different social contexts has been recorded. Then, the collected data were compared with standard Myanmar language in order to find out the differences on morphological, syntactic and phonological structure between the standard Myanmar language and the dialect. The findings show that there is a significant difference in phonological system although there are some differences in morphological systems and syntactic the structure of the language.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-6 )

A Study on Thematic Development of Some Reading Passage

Author: Soe Soe Win

Abstract:

       This study aims to investigate the thematic development of the two different text types. Its objectives are to find out types of theme applied in these types and to study how the progression of themes over the course of the texts can organize them into a unified whole. In this study, some reading passage which were prescribed for second year students were studied in order to know how the authors had constructed these texts with appropriate theme choice. They were analysed by applying the theory of Martin, Matthiessen & Painter (1997). The results indicate that the topical theme is extensively used in both texts. The interpersonal themes contribute the least in these texts.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-6 )

A Study on some Freshwater Algae Found in Htanaunggone Inn, Myingyan Township

Author: Zaw Min Naing*

Abstract:

         In this paper, algal specimens were collected from Htanaunggone Inn, Myingyan township, Mandalay Region. Ten genera belonging to three divisions of algae were identified and classified in this study. There are Merismopedia, Chrococcus, Spirulina, Oscillatoria, Anabaena belonging to Cyanophyta, Scenedesmus, Spirogyra, Pediastrum, Closterium belonging to Chlorophyta and Phacus belonging to Euglenophyta.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-5 )

Study on some insect pests from Myingyan and its Environs

Author: *Khin Soe Win1 Lei Lei Win Maung2 Naw Yu Phaw Wah3

Abstract:

        The study period of the present work started from June, 2013 to September, 2013. This research work deals with (12) species, (12) genera (10) families and five order of insect pests of fruits and vegetable from yards of Myingyan and its environs. Classification of (12) species was described with order, family and genus characters. All of the (12) species were also described with common names host plants and damage, pest status, distribution, control and measurement were studied.

Key words: insect pests, environs, classification, characters, host plants, damage, distribution.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-5 )

Determination of the Wavelength of Green Laser Light by using Application of Statistical Method

Author: San Thet Nwe*

Abstract:

          In this paper, we discuss about statistical method which is used to find the number of students in entrance of Myingyan Degree College for the next academic years.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-5 )

Reflection Grating

Author: Hla Win Aung*

Abstract:

         The puropse of this paper is to determine the wavelength of green laser light by using DVD disc as reflection grating. This experiment has been done by using available facilities from Physics Department Laboratory in Myingyan Degree College. The measured value for the wavelength of green laser light used in this experiment was found to be     544.3 mm. The measured wavelength agrees with the wavelength of green light with the error of 2.3%.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-5 )

Investigation of Some Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Seeds of Miusops elengi Linn (Ka – yae)

Author: *Hay Man Min Oo

Abstract:

         Mimusops elengi Linn., locally known as Ka-yae in Myanmar possessing Sapotaceae family has been chosen to study some chemical constituents and biological activities on its seeds. The preliminary phytochemical results revealed the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, phenolic compounds, reducing sugars, saponins, steroids and tannins in this medicinal plant. Ka-yae seed oil was extracted from kernel of Ka-yae seeds by using soxhlet extraction method. Some physicochemical characteristic values of oil such as refractive index, specific gravity, acid value, iodine value, saponification value determined by the standard methods. The functional group of Ka-yae seed oil detected by FTIR spectroscopic technique. Moreover, the constituents of Ka-yae seed oil was investigated by using GC-MS spetroscopic method. In addition, the radical scarveging activity determined by DPPH assay method. The antimicrobial screening of EtOH and watery estracts of shell of Ka-yae seeds against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus pumilus, Candida albicans, and Escherichia coli were expressed by using Agar Well Diffusion method. And then, the contents of some elements in kernel and shell of Mimusops elengi Linn. (Ka-yae) seeds were determined by using AAS method.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-5 )

The Study of Some Verses in the Pakinnaka Vagga of Buddhist Canon

Author: Shwe Shwe Htwe1 , Aye Minn2

Abstract:

         Pakinnaka Vagga expresses practical and right ways to live with pliability in society for human beings. And for the bhikkhus, various ways that should be avoided and that should be done as they strive to gain their aim are pointed out. Therefore, in this Vagga, it is espressed that a few meritorious deeds can produce much benefit. Peace cannot be attained by returning emmity with animosity, enmity can be collapsed without retutning enmity with animosity and enmity will increases if it returns enmity with animosity.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-5 )

The Philosophical Perspective Culture and Folk-tales

Author: Malar Win*

Abstract:

         The aim of this paper is to show that culture and folk-tales play an important in a society. Moreover, it is an attempt to prove that folk-tales are necessary evidences to reveal traditional thought. By studying the various kinds of folk-tales, traditional thoughts such as religious, ethical and social thoughts, customs and way of life can be clearly found. Every society has its own folk-tales that can display thought of its people.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-5 )

Study and Submission of the Handicraft of the Chin Nationalities

Author: Pyon*

Abstract:

          It is a monograph studying and submitting the handicraft of the chin nationalities. The quoted facts are based on the government-published books, records, township-published magazines, the books of great historians and the interviews with some Chin nationalities. The paper presents the immigration and spread of the Chin people into Myanmar simultaneously with other national races. The flourishing of the culture of the chin people at the same level in status with the Kachin, Kayar, and Shan races is presented comparing with the human utensils and farm materials.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-5 )

A Geographical Analysis on Cotton Cultivation of Natogyi Township

Author: Thi Thi Khaing1

Abstract:

          Cotton (Gossyium spp.), the king of fibre, is closely linked to human civilization itself. Natogyi Township is one of the largest cotton producers of Mandalay Tegion. Cotton is the most important commercial crop and the backbone of agricultural activities in the study area. It also provides sustainable livelihoods for local people. This research paper emphasizes to know the spatio-temporal changes of cotton cultivation and production of Natogyi Township from geographical point of view. The differences between spatial patterns of cotton cultivated areas are determined by spatial indices that relate to the Lorenz Curve and Dissimilarity Index. The cooncentration of cotton sown areas are analyzed by means of Location quotients, which is the most extensively method to determine the concentration. Moreover, triennium average method is also used to analyze the temporal changes of cultivation and production of cotton. The author hopes the paper will be useful to various observers and students which are concerned directly or indirectly with cotton sector.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-5 )

Promoting Speaking Skills of the Non-English Specialization Students at Myingyan Degree College

Author: Myo Thandar Kyaw*

Abstract:

        The new course book " Straight Forward" was introduced to undergraduate non-English specialization students in Myanmar in the Academic Year 2012-2013. This course book focuses on language skills, speaking writing, reading and listening and pronunciation. Among them, this paper emphasizes on how to promote speaking skills of non-English students at Myingyan Degree College. The aims of this paper are to study the skills of the students in speaking and to promote speaking skills in English. It was found that most of the students were weak in speaking at the beginning of the academic year. Then, it investigates how to promote the students' shortcoming in speaking skills. It is very useful to the English language Teaching in speaking skills of the first year non-English specialization students.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-5 )

Way of Designating the Names of Villages at the Surroundings of Myingyan Degree College Myanmar Research Project

Author: Aye Mon Phone, Zaw Win, Than Than Soe

Abstract:

             This research paper on way of naming the villages at the surrounding of Myingyan Degree College attempts to study and put forward way of designating names of some villages within Myingayn Township and way of giving names of some villages within Taungthar Township. Aiming at emergence of spirit of cherishing and attaching to the country and nationality from spirit of loving and attaching to small villages, this monograph is complied. This paper attempts to revecl not only custom and way of life of rural residents but also rural nature. It is a monograph contributing the local need so as to be able to know way of designating the names of villages at one's surroundings and the name of village where one resides.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-5 )

STUDY ONSOME INSECT PESTS FROM MYITKYINA AND ITS ENVIRONS

Author: KhinSoe Win, ThazinHlaing, Nem Pan, Yan MyoNaing.

Abstract:

        Larvae of the insect pest of some vegetable were collected from fruit and vegetable from yards of Myitkyina and its environs. Study the morphametric and duration of each life stage were recorded until the whole life stage complete. Classification of studied four species from(4) Genus, three family, of order Lepidoptera, class insecta. This study four species of crop pests larva, pupa and adult stages occurred in  frour vegetable crops. The recorded insect pests were considered as the major pests causing great damage to the plants and yields.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-4 )

Experimental Study of the Surface Soils near The Myingyan Degree College Area

Author: Saw Mar Lar1, Hla Win Aung2, MyoMyoTun3

Abstract:

           In this paper, the experimental study of the elemental concentration of soil samples from the different farmlands near Myingyan Degree College has been performed. From the EDXRF, the major element such as silicon(Si) and the minor elements such as iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), titanium (Ti), strontium (Sr), zirconium (Zr), sulphur (S), zinc (Zn) and chromium (Cr) were found in the soil samples. The relative concentrations of iron (Fe), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and arsenic (As) were also presented. No significant amount of arsenic (As) was found by AAS method.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-4 )

To see' man as it is'

Author: Ohn Mar Win*

Abstract:

        Because of the difference of religion and human races, these has been occuring many problems all our the world. The most fundamental thing is to see man as it is. I will present that basic concept from the point of view of Buddhism.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-4 )

“Aesthetic Versification through TaungNgu Period’s Aye gyin Verses”

Author: Tin Oo*(Footnotes)

Abstract:

        This research paper is conducted about the aesthetics of the TaungNgu period’s poems. The Aesthetic versification through TaungNgu period’s Aye gyin verses are extracted. Since the main aim of the composition of the verses is to stimulate the patriotism and national spirit, most verses of these draw the inspiration from compositions. These are obviously seen to be able to take pride in nation and its people

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-4 )

APPLICATION OF STATISTICAL METHODS ON FINDING MEDAIN, MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF BMI FOR THIRD YEAR STUDENTS

Author: Hla Win

Abstract:

       We collect the data of 140 mathematics third year students in Myingyan Degree collage. The organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data have done to compute median, mean and standard deviation of weights and heights of the students. Finally we discuss the body mass index (BMI) of the 140 students.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-4 )

Study and Submission of the Music of the Chin Nationalities

Author: Dr. Daw Phone, Professor and Head of History Department
Abstract:

          It is a monograph studying and submitting the music art of the chin nationalities. The quoted facts are based on the government-published books, records, township-published magazines, the books of great historians and the interviews with some Chin nationalities. The paper presents the immigration and spread of the Chin people into Myanmar simultaneously with the other national races. Through the study of the distinctive and gentle music art, the aesthetic impromptu poetic songs and musical instruments of the chin nationality, it is submitted comparing with the traditional musical instruments of the Kayin, Kayar, Kachin and Shan.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-4 )

The study on the Cretaceous and upper Tertiary (Neogene) Stratigraphy of Powintaung Area, Yinmabin Township, Sagaing Division.

Author: U Saw KhunKyi, Assistant lecture, Geology Department

Abstract:

       The study area lies in the Yinmabin. Township, Sahaing division. It is  situated in the Inner- Burman Tertiary Basin, which is relatively a lowlying province between the sino-Barman Ragnes to the east and the Indo-Barman Ranges to the west. The Cretaceous Basement Complex forms a majority of the present area and consists chiefly of diabase, diorite a granophyre. Wagintaung Formation is mainly composed of well cemented sandstones and conglomerate with subordinated mudstone, Eocene age. This formation is deposited under fluvial environments. The Damapala Formation (lower miocene) overliesnonconformably on the Basement Complex. The upper part of the Damapala formation consists of interbedded Sandstones and mudstones. This formation is deposited under shallow maineervironment. A small hill, locally known as Thingyaungtaung, consists entirely of such dyke rocks-bringer of the copper minralization. Magnesites, Limestones, Sandstone bricks, Hematites, Golds, Gravel, Sand Soap.are economically important.

Keywords: Basement complex, Cretaceous age, Wazintaung formation, Eocene age, Damapala Formation, Lower Miocene age, Shallow Marine environment.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-4 )

Agriculture and its Impact Upon Socio-Economic Development of Nyaung U District

Author: DR. AYE AYE THWE

Abstract:

This paper is emphasized on assessing the development of Nyaung U District with special reference to agricultural sectors. Primary data are gathered by questionnaire distribution and personal interviews. By using primary and secondary data, quantitative and qualitative measures are worked out. To examine the importance of agricultural sector for economic and social development of Nyaung U District, Cluster Analysis is also applied in this study. The result of Cluster Analysis suggested that the role of agriculture in the socio-economic condition of Nyaung U District is quite significant. Therefore, to encourage agricultural sector is primarily important in the sustainable development of Nyaung U District.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-4 )

Studies on Characterization and Identification of Walnut (JuglansregiaLinn.)

Author: Hay Mhan Min Oo

Abstract:

       Walnut (Juglansregia Linn.) contains much amino acids,omega-3 fatty acid, protein and also contains vitamin E, one of the most powerful antioxidants. Walnut consumption has been associated with decreased risk of breast cancer, prostate cancer and treatment of type of 2 diabetes. This research deal with the extraction of amino acids, saponifiable matter content and unsaponifiable matter content from walnut kernel.Photochecmical constituents of walnut sample are preliminary investigated. Physicochemical characterization and nutritional values are also determined. Preliminary phytochemical tests have revealed the presence of α-amino acids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, reducing sugars, phenolic compounds, terpenoids and steroids.Physical properties of amino acid from extracted walnut were obtained by using one dimensional chromatogram method.

Keywords : Walnut, amino acids in walnut kernel, Phytochemical screening,              

                  Physicochemical characterization, nutritional values

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-4 )

Study on the Male and Hermaphrodite Flowers Ratio of Mangiferaindica L. cv. Nandawhmine

Author: Dr. Mi Mi Soe, Professor and Head of  Department

Abstract:

       The present study was conducted from year 2010 to 2012 at OwayOrchad, Bago Region. The number  and  the  ratio of male and hermaphrodite (perfect) flowers in the respective portion of a panicle in a tree were calculated. The experiment was laid out in Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with seven replications. The number and ratio of male and hermaphrodite flowers were 6706.97 and 716.60 (9.4 : 1) in year 2010, 6402.77 and 668.77 (9.6 : 1)  in year 2011,  and 7382.33 and 803.00 (9.2:1) in year 2012. When look upon the year 2010, 2011 and 2012, year 2010 and 2012 had more flowers number. These years had owing to the on season and year 2011 had off season of mango production. The present research has been made on floral mechanism and to know that  the higher percentage of hermaphrodite flower is closely related to high fruit yield productivity in both on and off  season.

Key words: Male flower, hermaphrodite flower, on season, off season

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-4 )

STUDY ON SOME INSECTS INFECTED ON Jatropha curcas Linn, SIYO-KYETSU GROWN IN MYINGYAN DEGREE COLLEGE AND ITS ENVIRONS

Author: Thanda*

Abstract:

      The study of some insects on Physics nut (Seyo Kyet Su) was commenced from December 2009 to December 2010. A total number of 8 species belonging to5 subfamilies, 4 subfamilies, 4 super families, 4 suborders and under 3 orders were collected and recorded. Diagnostic characters of pests were also given with a brief account on host plants, symptoms and damage caused by them. The systematic positions of collected species were tabulated and coloured photographs of each specimen were also provided.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-3 )

STUDY ON AVERAGE HEIGHT OF SOME SCHOOLCHILDREN AND SOME FEMALE STUDENTS OF MYINGYAN DEGREE COLLEGE

Author: Aung May*

Abstract:

        Average height of some grade 1 schoolchildren at the age of 5+ were recorded using statistics methods. The mean value is 105.75 cm and the standard deviation is 1.4cm. The present study shows that 5percent of grade 1 schoolchildren has 96cm, 10 percent has 99cm and 12 percent has 102 cm. It indicates that 27 percent of the schoolchildren of grade 1 may have childhood malnutrition and some of which may be slum children. 73 percent of schoolchildren studied in this work may have proper physical and medical care and also proper lifestyle. The results of this study shows that the average height of Myanmar female College students at the age of 19+ is 156.5cm and the standard deviation is 5.15cm . It indicates that changes in nutrition, a general rise in quality of health care, physical exercise and also in standard living are essential in Myanmar like most  Asian countries.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-3 )

Theorectical Study on Muon Catalyzed Fusion and Vacuum Polarization Effect

Author: Khin May Oo*

Abstract:

         Muon catalyzed fusion is a process of three body interaction among negative muon, deuteron and triton. In order to get the energy gain of the process, it is necessary to have the large rate of muon catalyzed fusion cycle, i.e. the number of muon catalyzed fusion cycle must be large enough within the life time of the muon. The cycle rate depends on the energy level of the resonance state of dtμ system. To do so, the three effect: included in the energy calculation. Out of these, the nuclear finite size effect was described in the Myingyan Degree College Research Journal, Volume 2. Now, the vacuum polarization effect correction term to the energy level of dtμ system in muoncatalyzed fusion is discussed in this paper.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-3 )

Myanmar Lacquer Arts of Buddhist Religious Paraphernalia

Author: Than Htwe Aung*

Abstract:

     The article explains and puts forward the prominence of Buddhism in Myanmar, Buddhist religious  arts and crafts, the ten Myanmar traditional arts and crafts, the terms "Yun" (lacquer) and "Yunhte" (lacquer ware), the lacquer arts and basic materials, the grand use of lacquer ware by the king, ruler and chief throughout the successive periods, about six kinds of lacquer art and other Myanmar handicrafts and the preservation and protection of the arts of lacquer ware of Buddhist religious paraphernalia still influential nowadays.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-3 )

Characterization of Bipartite Graphs with givenϒ2 (G)

Author: Zaw Myint

Abstract:

        In this paper, we first give a characterization of the bipartite graphs G satisfying ϒ2 (G)=3β(G)/2. Moreover, we compare the value of 2-domination number and independence number in trees and give bounds on these two parameters in terms of the order and the number of pendant vertices of the tree. More precisely we show that for a nontrivial T, β(T)≤ ϒ2 (T) ≤ 3β(T)/2, (n(T)+ℓ(T)+2/3≤ ϒ2 (T)≤(n(T)+ ℓ(T)/2 and β(T)≤(n(T)+ ℓ(T)-1)/2. Finally, characterize the trees achieving equality in each bound.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-3 )

Application of Finite Difference Method in Solving Differential Equations

Author: Hla Win

Abstract:

       We have described finite difference schemes for some types of the partial differential equations and then find the solution ofLaplace's equation in different conditions.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-3 )

Hand Loom Decorations

Author: Ma Pyone*

Abstract:

         This monograph puts forward puts forward through observation and consideration the rural Myanmar traditional handicrafts finding on the Myanmar hand-loom. Particularly, the Myanmar traditional woodcarvings found after going on field study in the rural areas in Ma-hlaing Township are observed and written. The article describes with comment that the " chupan- chunwe" floral arabesques, the various styles of movement of bird figures and peacock figures, the active style of movement of young human figures, and the figures in style of dancing martial arts holding the floral creepers and sprays are the Myanmar's good artistic skills. The essay is an attempt to reveal and present that the hand-looms ornamented with the floral arabesques and the figures are the cultural heritages to be proud and valued by the rural peoples.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-3 )

Facies and depositional environments of Miocene sequencein Nat Son Maw area, Pyawbwe Township, Mandalay Region

Author: Kyi Pyar Aung*

Abstract:

      Neogene sequences are located in the Pegu Yoma Range, in the eastern part of the Central Myanmar Tertiary Basin. The Moza Formation, part of the Neogene strata, is subdivided into eleven lithofacies that are distinguished on the basis of the associated primary sedimentary structkures, faunal contents, biogenic structures, bed sets and bed-based types. Based on the lithology, sedimentary structure and lithofacies, five distinct depositional settings can be recognized: point bar, sand bar, during the Middle Miocene in a tide-dominated estuary environment.

Keywords: Neogene, Miocene, Moza Formation, lithofacies, tide-dominated estuary

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-3 )

GENERAL LAND USE PATTERN OF MEKTILA TOWNSHIP

Author: Htun Aung Kyaw2

Abstract:

This work attempts to assess the general land use of Meiktila Township. In this work, , physical bases and human resources shaping the general land use pattern and general land use of Meiktila Township are investigated. From this observation, it can be concluded that the agricultural sector of the township is the township is a main economic activities of rural people.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-3 )

Analysis on volume of Crop Change in Irrigated Sown Acreage Within Myingyan District

Author: Cho Cho Htay1

Abstract:

        The main objective of the study is to investigate volume of Land change in irrigated sown acreage with irrigation and impact of irrigation on agricultural development in  Myingyan District. Based on physical factors and socio-economic factors, types of irrigation in Myingyan District vary from place to place. Paddy cultivation is a compulsory planned crop in the irrigated areas of government-owned dams and river water pumping irrigated areas. Other cash crops, such as onion, wheat, sesame, chilli, etc, can be freely cultivated areas free to select by surface wells and tube wells irrigation and other means of irrigation. In the years 1999-2000 and 2008-2009. Properties of sample farmers in sample village tracts for 2009-2010 are increased by 3.92 times in Tharbaung Village Tract of Tharbaung Extension Sameikkon River Water Pumping Irrigated area and 2.48 times in Tawpu Village Tracts of No.2 Extension Sameikkon River Water Pumping Irrigated area, according to the result of have been developing in irrigated areas of Myingyan District.

Key words: irrigating, Crop Sequence Method, Property Index Method.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-3 )

A GEOGRAPYICAL STUDY ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION OF MADAYA TOWNSHIP

Author: Mi Mi Soe

Abstract:

As the study area is well known by agriculture since the reign of Myanmar Kings, i.e. Irrigated agriculture, the socio-economic conditions of Madaya Tow nship may be affected by the development of agricultural activity and agricultural land use. To classify the socio-economic conditions of Madaya Township may be affected by the development of agricultural activity and agricultural land use. To classify the socio-economic level of all village tract, Point Scoring Methods adopted by Los medios y mercadoes ded Latino America (1995) was use in this paper. It can be noted that the socio-economic conditions of village tracts are much influenced by type of crop land use and social and economic indicators rather than the intensity of land used.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-3 )

The Role of Information and Communication Technology in Teaching

Author: Aye Aye Yu

Abstract:

The main purpose of this research paper is to pave the for new for new ways of learning and teaching  to be more effective in teaching English. It is also to distribute the gains that may be obtained from the use of ICT to develop language skills in students of English as a foreign language. Any reader may know advantages and disadvantages of using computers in teaching and learning English. The students achievement is to keep in touch with computer, to be able to learn oneself by means of ICT, to improve the listening and speaking skills through practice and to enrich more vocabularies and more grammar rules.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-3 )

Isolation of an organic compound from Marsdenia tinctoria Brown (Dan-tha-Kwa) and study on its Phytochemistry and Anti bacterial Activity

Author: Yi Yi Lwin1, Khin Aye Tint Nwe2

Abstract:

The present work deal with phytochemical screening of one Myanmar Indigenous Medicinal plants, Dan- tha-kwa.          The root extract responds positive result for alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, steroid and polyphenol respectively. Extract of Dan-tha-kwa shows activities on three organism; Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Isolation of an unknown organic compound was done by Thin Layer and Column Chromatography. The functional groups of isolated compound could be assigned by FT-IR spectroscopic method.

Key Words: Phytochemical screening Dan-tha-kwa, chromatographic methods, FT-IR                             spectroscopic method

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-3 )

Effect of Spirulina on Growth, Yield and Nutritive Value of Vigna mungo ( L.) Hepper (Black gram)

Author: Tin Tin Maw

Abstract:

In this  research work, Spirulina (Blue green algae) has been used as a biofertilizer in Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, Black gram ( Mat Pe). In field experiment, different concentration of Spirulina suspension ( 1 gl-1, 3gl-1, 5gl-1, 7gl-1 and 9gl-1) were tested in black gram seeds. The result showed that 7gl-1 of Spirulina suspension treatment was the highest number of leaf, plant highest yield was 1613 kgha-1 for treatment and 1035 kgha-1 for control. Yield of treatment was 56% higer than control. In addition, crude protein content of 7gl-1 treatment was 25.82% and control was 23.5%. Crude protein content of treatment was 9% higher than yield and nutritive value value of Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-3 )

SHAN PARTICIPATION IN MYANMAR’S STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE

Author: Dr. Hlaing Hlaing Swe

Abstract:

The two major ethnic groups that entered Myanmar centuries ago were the Bamar and the Shan. The Bamar immigrants settled in the central plain region of Myanmar and the Shan people occupied the hilly regions of the north and the east of  the country. As  times passed by these two ethnic races had come to mix and mingle with each other, socially, economically,  religiously and politically. With the occasional struggle for  cerstral power they seemed discmited, However, actually, as members of the same family they fought against the foreign invaders, sharing woe and joy together in the ups and downs of Myanmar History. Moreover both Bamar and Shan professed the same faith of Buddhism and that united them much closer than any other ethnic groups in this country.

Published: Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-1 )

Study on the Characteristics of Three Water Samples for Drinking Purpose

Author: Khin Saw Oo1 , Khin Win 2

Abstract:

In this research work , three water samples were collected and analysed for drinking purpose. They were collected from the three sampling points; two from Myinchan Degree College area and one from water supply of Myingyan City Development area. The experimental works have been made in three aspects; physical , chemical and bacteriological tests. Physical properties such as pH , color , turbidity , conductivity and total dissolved solid were determined and non-metallic inorganic constituents such as total alkalinity , total hardness , sulphate ,chloride were also investigated. All metals including trace elements and toxic metals were analysed by atomic absorption spectroscopic method. Bacteriological examination was done as coliform count and isolation of E.Coli indicates the water pollution giving rise to unsatisfactory remarks. Most parameters(except bacteria results ) are in conformity with the WHO and EPA  ( Environmental Protection Agency ) guideline limits for drinking water. But selenium and cadmium are detected and the presence of arsenic in all water samples is the most dangerous condition for health safety. Long term drinking of arsenic containing water will be at high risk of skin cancer. The aim of this research work is to determine the potability of water and to contribute a beneficial result to our community.

Key words:  Three water samples, physical , chemical and bacteriological tests,
                  atomic absorption spectroscopic method.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-1 )

Cycles In Graphs

Author: May Myat Oo

Abstract:

We define C-excited vertex of a graph G where C is a cycle of G. The  definitions of a sun-graph, ray and n-rays sun-graph are expressed. In this  paper , we  show that  a  graph  G with radius r and diameter d, for which  and contains a cycle or .

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-1 )

A Geographical Study on The Local Business Centres and Retail Store Structures Registered by Mandalay City Development Committee

Author: Khin Mar Cho

Abstract:

Accompanying with the changing socio-economic and demographic conditions of Myanmar, the retail sector has undergone major changes in scale, organization and geographic patterns. Similarly, the retail market geography of Mandalay City has been changing rapidly and the arrival of the new retail formats has been profound effects on the ability of many small independent retailers to survive in a long term competition. The new retail chains have imposed a transformation to restructure the urban retail geography introducing remarkable economic, social and spatial implications.The present study explores spatial structure of local Business centres classifying by means of ranks, revenue collected and the area of business centres. This study expends characteristics of business centres and retail trade area using Arc GIS software. The paper also attempts to explore the determinant attributes that influence the patronage decisions of supermarkets in Mandalay. In addition, the present research examines the dimension of ongoing retail structure and hierarchy change in the study area and uses spatial pattern analysis as a device to be able to predict possible future transformations in rectal sectors. The research finding can be applied to other retail marketing analysis, such as forecasting the impact of the expansion of a retail store and selecting the location for a new store.

Published: Universities Research journal

Preliminary Investigation of Zinc Telluride Film

Author: Than Than Win1, Yee Yee Oo1, and Yin Maung Maung2

Abstract:

Zinc telluride (Zn1-x Tex) powders have been subjected to various characterization studies like X-ray diffraction, Thermal Gravimetric Analysis and Differential Thermal Analysis (TGA-DAT) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The XRD study confirmed the crystal structure of ZnTe and TGA-DTA studies showed the thermal properties.  The SEM was studied to measure the particle size of ZnTe powder. ZnTe film was grown on stainless steel substrates by electroplating method at different mass of solute content. Film thickness on the stainless steel substrates were obtained by viscometer.
Key words :    XRD, TGA-DTA, SEM

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-1 )

Some Wild Medicinal Plants of Herbs and Shrubs of Dicotyledonae grown in Myingyan Degree College Campus

Author:   Soe Win1 and Mar Mar Aye2

Abstract : 

There are several thousands of drug yielding plants around the world. Only a few drug plants are cultivated. Most of drugs are obtained from natural wild plants thrived in all parts of the world. These wild drug plants are collected and prepared with indigenous ways.    The present work deals with some preliminary studies on the medicinal values of wild herbs and shrubs of Dicotyledonae grown in Myingyan Degree College Campus, Mandalay Division. The 20 species belonging to 11 families of medicinal important plants were collected and identified. Diagnostic features of these species were also briefly described with colorful photographs. Part used, Folk uses and their uses in Literature have been recorded and presented.
Key words:    Medicinal values, Folk use, Uses in Literatures.

Published:     Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-1 )

Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Naturally Occurring Bioactive Organic Compound (Flavonoid Type) from Seeds of Cassia Tora Linn (Dant Kywe)

Author:  Than Win1, Myint Myint Htay2 and Mya Aye3

Abstract : 

Myanmar Traditional Indigenous Medicinal Plant, Cassia Tora Linn (Dant Kywe) was selected and chemically analysed for this research work. The seeds of Cassia Tora Linn (Dant Kywe) were collected from Natogyi township, Mandalay Division, Myanmar. A pure biologically active flavonoid type organic compound was separated by advanced chromatographic methods, such as, Column and Thin Layer Chromatograms from the seeds of Dant Kywe. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of this bioactive organic compound was tested by using agar well diffusion method on six organisms. The total yield of this compound was found to be 0.94% based upon the crude extract. The structure of the pure biologically active compound could be elucidated by using sophisticated spectroscopic methods, such as, FT-IR, 1H-NMR (600 MHz), 13C-NMR (150 MHz), DEPT, DZC-COSY, HSZC, HMBC and EI mass spectrums respectively. The molecular formula of this compound was found to be C26H26O5 and its hydrogen deficiency index was 14. This flavonoid type compound was reconfirmed by phytochemical test which gave the positive results.
Published:  Universities Research Journal

Ecomorphological Comparison of Some Freshwater Fishes Using Ecomorphological Trait Measurements

Author:  Aung May

Abstract : 

Habitat preferences of some freshwater fishes are predicted using ecomorphological trait measurements. A total of eight species of eight genera, under seven families and four orders were recorded. Out of eight species a gaint catfish locally known as Nga-yway is classified as Mystus krishnensis, not as M.gullio as mentioned by FAO.
When predicted based on their structural modifications for feeding and swimming habits, the four groups formed in an ecomophological spaces were found as the following manners: (a) Tinougil corsula as a pelagic fish that can swim constantly; (b) Tennulosa ilisha as schooling fish that has good swimming ability which may be together with Notopterus notopterus that prefers open water; (c) M. krishnensis, Channa marulius, Wallago attu and Aorichthys aor form a large group as column feeders; (d) Bagarius uarrelli, bottom feeder, lies separately as a group.

Published:  Universities Research Journal

Study on Ferroelectric Properties of TiO2/P-SiO2 (Metal/ Ferroelectric/ Insulator/Semiconductor) Thin Films

Author:  May Yee Thein1, Yin Yin Thein2, Than Than Win3 and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract : 

Fabrication of TiO2/SiO2/[0Si (Metal/ Ferroelectric/ Insulator/ Semiconductor) thin films, deposited by liquid phase epitaxial growth method if presented. Samples are heated at ,,,  each for 1hr respectively. The ferroelectric properties such as the remanent polarization Pr, the spontaneous polarization Ps, the coercive field Ec and the memory window (MW) of thin films are studied.
Keywords:  remanent polarization, spontaneous polarization, coercive field, memory window.
Published:  Universities Research Journal

Extraction of Casein and Determination of its Components from Three Kinds of Milk

Authors:    Khine Zar Wynn Lae1 and Aye Aye Cho2

Abstract.

In this research work, cow, goat and buffalo milk were collected and the protein and sugar tests were carried out which gave rise to positive for protein and trace amount of sugar. Moreover, casein protein was extracted from each sample. It was found that cow milk contains 45.36% of casein, goat milk contains 5.47% of casein and buffalo milk contains 14.07% of casein. According to these data, cow milk contains the largest amount of casein. The elemental analysis of casein compounds were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). From these determinations, all three milk samples contain the sufficient amount of minerals. In other words, the three samples contain adequate amount of nutrients in suitable proportion that maintain the health of an individual.
Key words: casein protein, cow, goat, buffalo, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)
Published:  Universities Research Journal