Agriculture and its Impact Upon Socio-Economic Development of Nyaung U District

Author: DR. AYE AYE THWE

Abstract:

This paper is emphasized on assessing the development of Nyaung U District with special reference to agricultural sectors. Primary data are gathered by questionnaire distribution and personal interviews. By using primary and secondary data, quantitative and qualitative measures are worked out. To examine the importance of agricultural sector for economic and social development of Nyaung U District, Cluster Analysis is also applied in this study. The result of Cluster Analysis suggested that the role of agriculture in the socio-economic condition of Nyaung U District is quite significant. Therefore, to encourage agricultural sector is primarily important in the sustainable development of Nyaung U District.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-4 )

Studies on Characterization and Identification of Walnut (JuglansregiaLinn.)

Author: Hay Mhan Min Oo

Abstract:

       Walnut (Juglansregia Linn.) contains much amino acids,omega-3 fatty acid, protein and also contains vitamin E, one of the most powerful antioxidants. Walnut consumption has been associated with decreased risk of breast cancer, prostate cancer and treatment of type of 2 diabetes. This research deal with the extraction of amino acids, saponifiable matter content and unsaponifiable matter content from walnut kernel.Photochecmical constituents of walnut sample are preliminary investigated. Physicochemical characterization and nutritional values are also determined. Preliminary phytochemical tests have revealed the presence of α-amino acids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, reducing sugars, phenolic compounds, terpenoids and steroids.Physical properties of amino acid from extracted walnut were obtained by using one dimensional chromatogram method.

Keywords : Walnut, amino acids in walnut kernel, Phytochemical screening,              

                  Physicochemical characterization, nutritional values

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-4 )

Study on the Male and Hermaphrodite Flowers Ratio of Mangiferaindica L. cv. Nandawhmine

Author: Dr. Mi Mi Soe, Professor and Head of  Department

Abstract:

       The present study was conducted from year 2010 to 2012 at OwayOrchad, Bago Region. The number  and  the  ratio of male and hermaphrodite (perfect) flowers in the respective portion of a panicle in a tree were calculated. The experiment was laid out in Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with seven replications. The number and ratio of male and hermaphrodite flowers were 6706.97 and 716.60 (9.4 : 1) in year 2010, 6402.77 and 668.77 (9.6 : 1)  in year 2011,  and 7382.33 and 803.00 (9.2:1) in year 2012. When look upon the year 2010, 2011 and 2012, year 2010 and 2012 had more flowers number. These years had owing to the on season and year 2011 had off season of mango production. The present research has been made on floral mechanism and to know that  the higher percentage of hermaphrodite flower is closely related to high fruit yield productivity in both on and off  season.

Key words: Male flower, hermaphrodite flower, on season, off season

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-4 )

STUDY ON SOME INSECTS INFECTED ON Jatropha curcas Linn, SIYO-KYETSU GROWN IN MYINGYAN DEGREE COLLEGE AND ITS ENVIRONS

Author: Thanda*

Abstract:

      The study of some insects on Physics nut (Seyo Kyet Su) was commenced from December 2009 to December 2010. A total number of 8 species belonging to5 subfamilies, 4 subfamilies, 4 super families, 4 suborders and under 3 orders were collected and recorded. Diagnostic characters of pests were also given with a brief account on host plants, symptoms and damage caused by them. The systematic positions of collected species were tabulated and coloured photographs of each specimen were also provided.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-3 )

STUDY ON AVERAGE HEIGHT OF SOME SCHOOLCHILDREN AND SOME FEMALE STUDENTS OF MYINGYAN DEGREE COLLEGE

Author: Aung May*

Abstract:

        Average height of some grade 1 schoolchildren at the age of 5+ were recorded using statistics methods. The mean value is 105.75 cm and the standard deviation is 1.4cm. The present study shows that 5percent of grade 1 schoolchildren has 96cm, 10 percent has 99cm and 12 percent has 102 cm. It indicates that 27 percent of the schoolchildren of grade 1 may have childhood malnutrition and some of which may be slum children. 73 percent of schoolchildren studied in this work may have proper physical and medical care and also proper lifestyle. The results of this study shows that the average height of Myanmar female College students at the age of 19+ is 156.5cm and the standard deviation is 5.15cm . It indicates that changes in nutrition, a general rise in quality of health care, physical exercise and also in standard living are essential in Myanmar like most  Asian countries.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-3 )

Theorectical Study on Muon Catalyzed Fusion and Vacuum Polarization Effect

Author: Khin May Oo*

Abstract:

         Muon catalyzed fusion is a process of three body interaction among negative muon, deuteron and triton. In order to get the energy gain of the process, it is necessary to have the large rate of muon catalyzed fusion cycle, i.e. the number of muon catalyzed fusion cycle must be large enough within the life time of the muon. The cycle rate depends on the energy level of the resonance state of dtμ system. To do so, the three effect: included in the energy calculation. Out of these, the nuclear finite size effect was described in the Myingyan Degree College Research Journal, Volume 2. Now, the vacuum polarization effect correction term to the energy level of dtμ system in muoncatalyzed fusion is discussed in this paper.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-3 )

Myanmar Lacquer Arts of Buddhist Religious Paraphernalia

Author: Than Htwe Aung*

Abstract:

     The article explains and puts forward the prominence of Buddhism in Myanmar, Buddhist religious  arts and crafts, the ten Myanmar traditional arts and crafts, the terms "Yun" (lacquer) and "Yunhte" (lacquer ware), the lacquer arts and basic materials, the grand use of lacquer ware by the king, ruler and chief throughout the successive periods, about six kinds of lacquer art and other Myanmar handicrafts and the preservation and protection of the arts of lacquer ware of Buddhist religious paraphernalia still influential nowadays.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-3 )

Characterization of Bipartite Graphs with givenϒ2 (G)

Author: Zaw Myint

Abstract:

        In this paper, we first give a characterization of the bipartite graphs G satisfying ϒ2 (G)=3β(G)/2. Moreover, we compare the value of 2-domination number and independence number in trees and give bounds on these two parameters in terms of the order and the number of pendant vertices of the tree. More precisely we show that for a nontrivial T, β(T)≤ ϒ2 (T) ≤ 3β(T)/2, (n(T)+ℓ(T)+2/3≤ ϒ2 (T)≤(n(T)+ ℓ(T)/2 and β(T)≤(n(T)+ ℓ(T)-1)/2. Finally, characterize the trees achieving equality in each bound.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-3 )

Application of Finite Difference Method in Solving Differential Equations

Author: Hla Win

Abstract:

       We have described finite difference schemes for some types of the partial differential equations and then find the solution ofLaplace's equation in different conditions.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-3 )

Hand Loom Decorations

Author: Ma Pyone*

Abstract:

         This monograph puts forward puts forward through observation and consideration the rural Myanmar traditional handicrafts finding on the Myanmar hand-loom. Particularly, the Myanmar traditional woodcarvings found after going on field study in the rural areas in Ma-hlaing Township are observed and written. The article describes with comment that the " chupan- chunwe" floral arabesques, the various styles of movement of bird figures and peacock figures, the active style of movement of young human figures, and the figures in style of dancing martial arts holding the floral creepers and sprays are the Myanmar's good artistic skills. The essay is an attempt to reveal and present that the hand-looms ornamented with the floral arabesques and the figures are the cultural heritages to be proud and valued by the rural peoples.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-3 )

Facies and depositional environments of Miocene sequencein Nat Son Maw area, Pyawbwe Township, Mandalay Region

Author: Kyi Pyar Aung*

Abstract:

      Neogene sequences are located in the Pegu Yoma Range, in the eastern part of the Central Myanmar Tertiary Basin. The Moza Formation, part of the Neogene strata, is subdivided into eleven lithofacies that are distinguished on the basis of the associated primary sedimentary structkures, faunal contents, biogenic structures, bed sets and bed-based types. Based on the lithology, sedimentary structure and lithofacies, five distinct depositional settings can be recognized: point bar, sand bar, during the Middle Miocene in a tide-dominated estuary environment.

Keywords: Neogene, Miocene, Moza Formation, lithofacies, tide-dominated estuary

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-3 )

GENERAL LAND USE PATTERN OF MEKTILA TOWNSHIP

Author: Htun Aung Kyaw2

Abstract:

This work attempts to assess the general land use of Meiktila Township. In this work, , physical bases and human resources shaping the general land use pattern and general land use of Meiktila Township are investigated. From this observation, it can be concluded that the agricultural sector of the township is the township is a main economic activities of rural people.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-3 )

Analysis on volume of Crop Change in Irrigated Sown Acreage Within Myingyan District

Author: Cho Cho Htay1

Abstract:

        The main objective of the study is to investigate volume of Land change in irrigated sown acreage with irrigation and impact of irrigation on agricultural development in  Myingyan District. Based on physical factors and socio-economic factors, types of irrigation in Myingyan District vary from place to place. Paddy cultivation is a compulsory planned crop in the irrigated areas of government-owned dams and river water pumping irrigated areas. Other cash crops, such as onion, wheat, sesame, chilli, etc, can be freely cultivated areas free to select by surface wells and tube wells irrigation and other means of irrigation. In the years 1999-2000 and 2008-2009. Properties of sample farmers in sample village tracts for 2009-2010 are increased by 3.92 times in Tharbaung Village Tract of Tharbaung Extension Sameikkon River Water Pumping Irrigated area and 2.48 times in Tawpu Village Tracts of No.2 Extension Sameikkon River Water Pumping Irrigated area, according to the result of have been developing in irrigated areas of Myingyan District.

Key words: irrigating, Crop Sequence Method, Property Index Method.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-3 )

A GEOGRAPYICAL STUDY ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITION OF MADAYA TOWNSHIP

Author: Mi Mi Soe

Abstract:

As the study area is well known by agriculture since the reign of Myanmar Kings, i.e. Irrigated agriculture, the socio-economic conditions of Madaya Tow nship may be affected by the development of agricultural activity and agricultural land use. To classify the socio-economic conditions of Madaya Township may be affected by the development of agricultural activity and agricultural land use. To classify the socio-economic level of all village tract, Point Scoring Methods adopted by Los medios y mercadoes ded Latino America (1995) was use in this paper. It can be noted that the socio-economic conditions of village tracts are much influenced by type of crop land use and social and economic indicators rather than the intensity of land used.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-3 )

The Role of Information and Communication Technology in Teaching

Author: Aye Aye Yu

Abstract:

The main purpose of this research paper is to pave the for new for new ways of learning and teaching  to be more effective in teaching English. It is also to distribute the gains that may be obtained from the use of ICT to develop language skills in students of English as a foreign language. Any reader may know advantages and disadvantages of using computers in teaching and learning English. The students achievement is to keep in touch with computer, to be able to learn oneself by means of ICT, to improve the listening and speaking skills through practice and to enrich more vocabularies and more grammar rules.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-3 )

Isolation of an organic compound from Marsdenia tinctoria Brown (Dan-tha-Kwa) and study on its Phytochemistry and Anti bacterial Activity

Author: Yi Yi Lwin1, Khin Aye Tint Nwe2

Abstract:

The present work deal with phytochemical screening of one Myanmar Indigenous Medicinal plants, Dan- tha-kwa.          The root extract responds positive result for alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, steroid and polyphenol respectively. Extract of Dan-tha-kwa shows activities on three organism; Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Isolation of an unknown organic compound was done by Thin Layer and Column Chromatography. The functional groups of isolated compound could be assigned by FT-IR spectroscopic method.

Key Words: Phytochemical screening Dan-tha-kwa, chromatographic methods, FT-IR                             spectroscopic method

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-3 )

Effect of Spirulina on Growth, Yield and Nutritive Value of Vigna mungo ( L.) Hepper (Black gram)

Author: Tin Tin Maw

Abstract:

In this  research work, Spirulina (Blue green algae) has been used as a biofertilizer in Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, Black gram ( Mat Pe). In field experiment, different concentration of Spirulina suspension ( 1 gl-1, 3gl-1, 5gl-1, 7gl-1 and 9gl-1) were tested in black gram seeds. The result showed that 7gl-1 of Spirulina suspension treatment was the highest number of leaf, plant highest yield was 1613 kgha-1 for treatment and 1035 kgha-1 for control. Yield of treatment was 56% higer than control. In addition, crude protein content of 7gl-1 treatment was 25.82% and control was 23.5%. Crude protein content of treatment was 9% higher than yield and nutritive value value of Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-3 )

SHAN PARTICIPATION IN MYANMAR’S STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE

Author: Dr. Hlaing Hlaing Swe

Abstract:

The two major ethnic groups that entered Myanmar centuries ago were the Bamar and the Shan. The Bamar immigrants settled in the central plain region of Myanmar and the Shan people occupied the hilly regions of the north and the east of  the country. As  times passed by these two ethnic races had come to mix and mingle with each other, socially, economically,  religiously and politically. With the occasional struggle for  cerstral power they seemed discmited, However, actually, as members of the same family they fought against the foreign invaders, sharing woe and joy together in the ups and downs of Myanmar History. Moreover both Bamar and Shan professed the same faith of Buddhism and that united them much closer than any other ethnic groups in this country.

Published: Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-1 )

Study on the Characteristics of Three Water Samples for Drinking Purpose

Author: Khin Saw Oo1 , Khin Win 2

Abstract:

In this research work , three water samples were collected and analysed for drinking purpose. They were collected from the three sampling points; two from Myinchan Degree College area and one from water supply of Myingyan City Development area. The experimental works have been made in three aspects; physical , chemical and bacteriological tests. Physical properties such as pH , color , turbidity , conductivity and total dissolved solid were determined and non-metallic inorganic constituents such as total alkalinity , total hardness , sulphate ,chloride were also investigated. All metals including trace elements and toxic metals were analysed by atomic absorption spectroscopic method. Bacteriological examination was done as coliform count and isolation of E.Coli indicates the water pollution giving rise to unsatisfactory remarks. Most parameters(except bacteria results ) are in conformity with the WHO and EPA  ( Environmental Protection Agency ) guideline limits for drinking water. But selenium and cadmium are detected and the presence of arsenic in all water samples is the most dangerous condition for health safety. Long term drinking of arsenic containing water will be at high risk of skin cancer. The aim of this research work is to determine the potability of water and to contribute a beneficial result to our community.

Key words:  Three water samples, physical , chemical and bacteriological tests,
                  atomic absorption spectroscopic method.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-1 )

Cycles In Graphs

Author: May Myat Oo

Abstract:

We define C-excited vertex of a graph G where C is a cycle of G. The  definitions of a sun-graph, ray and n-rays sun-graph are expressed. In this  paper , we  show that  a  graph  G with radius r and diameter d, for which  and contains a cycle or .

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-1 )

A Geographical Study on The Local Business Centres and Retail Store Structures Registered by Mandalay City Development Committee

Author: Khin Mar Cho

Abstract:

Accompanying with the changing socio-economic and demographic conditions of Myanmar, the retail sector has undergone major changes in scale, organization and geographic patterns. Similarly, the retail market geography of Mandalay City has been changing rapidly and the arrival of the new retail formats has been profound effects on the ability of many small independent retailers to survive in a long term competition. The new retail chains have imposed a transformation to restructure the urban retail geography introducing remarkable economic, social and spatial implications.The present study explores spatial structure of local Business centres classifying by means of ranks, revenue collected and the area of business centres. This study expends characteristics of business centres and retail trade area using Arc GIS software. The paper also attempts to explore the determinant attributes that influence the patronage decisions of supermarkets in Mandalay. In addition, the present research examines the dimension of ongoing retail structure and hierarchy change in the study area and uses spatial pattern analysis as a device to be able to predict possible future transformations in rectal sectors. The research finding can be applied to other retail marketing analysis, such as forecasting the impact of the expansion of a retail store and selecting the location for a new store.

Published: Universities Research journal

Preliminary Investigation of Zinc Telluride Film

Author: Than Than Win1, Yee Yee Oo1, and Yin Maung Maung2

Abstract:

Zinc telluride (Zn1-x Tex) powders have been subjected to various characterization studies like X-ray diffraction, Thermal Gravimetric Analysis and Differential Thermal Analysis (TGA-DAT) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The XRD study confirmed the crystal structure of ZnTe and TGA-DTA studies showed the thermal properties.  The SEM was studied to measure the particle size of ZnTe powder. ZnTe film was grown on stainless steel substrates by electroplating method at different mass of solute content. Film thickness on the stainless steel substrates were obtained by viscometer.
Key words :    XRD, TGA-DTA, SEM

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-1 )

Some Wild Medicinal Plants of Herbs and Shrubs of Dicotyledonae grown in Myingyan Degree College Campus

Author:   Soe Win1 and Mar Mar Aye2

Abstract : 

There are several thousands of drug yielding plants around the world. Only a few drug plants are cultivated. Most of drugs are obtained from natural wild plants thrived in all parts of the world. These wild drug plants are collected and prepared with indigenous ways.    The present work deals with some preliminary studies on the medicinal values of wild herbs and shrubs of Dicotyledonae grown in Myingyan Degree College Campus, Mandalay Division. The 20 species belonging to 11 families of medicinal important plants were collected and identified. Diagnostic features of these species were also briefly described with colorful photographs. Part used, Folk uses and their uses in Literature have been recorded and presented.
Key words:    Medicinal values, Folk use, Uses in Literatures.

Published:     Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal ( Vol-1 )

Isolation and Structural Elucidation of Naturally Occurring Bioactive Organic Compound (Flavonoid Type) from Seeds of Cassia Tora Linn (Dant Kywe)

Author:  Than Win1, Myint Myint Htay2 and Mya Aye3

Abstract : 

Myanmar Traditional Indigenous Medicinal Plant, Cassia Tora Linn (Dant Kywe) was selected and chemically analysed for this research work. The seeds of Cassia Tora Linn (Dant Kywe) were collected from Natogyi township, Mandalay Division, Myanmar. A pure biologically active flavonoid type organic compound was separated by advanced chromatographic methods, such as, Column and Thin Layer Chromatograms from the seeds of Dant Kywe. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of this bioactive organic compound was tested by using agar well diffusion method on six organisms. The total yield of this compound was found to be 0.94% based upon the crude extract. The structure of the pure biologically active compound could be elucidated by using sophisticated spectroscopic methods, such as, FT-IR, 1H-NMR (600 MHz), 13C-NMR (150 MHz), DEPT, DZC-COSY, HSZC, HMBC and EI mass spectrums respectively. The molecular formula of this compound was found to be C26H26O5 and its hydrogen deficiency index was 14. This flavonoid type compound was reconfirmed by phytochemical test which gave the positive results.
Published:  Universities Research Journal

Ecomorphological Comparison of Some Freshwater Fishes Using Ecomorphological Trait Measurements

Author:  Aung May

Abstract : 

Habitat preferences of some freshwater fishes are predicted using ecomorphological trait measurements. A total of eight species of eight genera, under seven families and four orders were recorded. Out of eight species a gaint catfish locally known as Nga-yway is classified as Mystus krishnensis, not as M.gullio as mentioned by FAO.
When predicted based on their structural modifications for feeding and swimming habits, the four groups formed in an ecomophological spaces were found as the following manners: (a) Tinougil corsula as a pelagic fish that can swim constantly; (b) Tennulosa ilisha as schooling fish that has good swimming ability which may be together with Notopterus notopterus that prefers open water; (c) M. krishnensis, Channa marulius, Wallago attu and Aorichthys aor form a large group as column feeders; (d) Bagarius uarrelli, bottom feeder, lies separately as a group.

Published:  Universities Research Journal

Study on Ferroelectric Properties of TiO2/P-SiO2 (Metal/ Ferroelectric/ Insulator/Semiconductor) Thin Films

Author:  May Yee Thein1, Yin Yin Thein2, Than Than Win3 and Ko Ko Kyaw Soe4

Abstract : 

Fabrication of TiO2/SiO2/[0Si (Metal/ Ferroelectric/ Insulator/ Semiconductor) thin films, deposited by liquid phase epitaxial growth method if presented. Samples are heated at ,,,  each for 1hr respectively. The ferroelectric properties such as the remanent polarization Pr, the spontaneous polarization Ps, the coercive field Ec and the memory window (MW) of thin films are studied.
Keywords:  remanent polarization, spontaneous polarization, coercive field, memory window.
Published:  Universities Research Journal

Extraction of Casein and Determination of its Components from Three Kinds of Milk

Authors:    Khine Zar Wynn Lae1 and Aye Aye Cho2

Abstract.

In this research work, cow, goat and buffalo milk were collected and the protein and sugar tests were carried out which gave rise to positive for protein and trace amount of sugar. Moreover, casein protein was extracted from each sample. It was found that cow milk contains 45.36% of casein, goat milk contains 5.47% of casein and buffalo milk contains 14.07% of casein. According to these data, cow milk contains the largest amount of casein. The elemental analysis of casein compounds were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). From these determinations, all three milk samples contain the sufficient amount of minerals. In other words, the three samples contain adequate amount of nutrients in suitable proportion that maintain the health of an individual.
Key words: casein protein, cow, goat, buffalo, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)
Published:  Universities Research Journal