Effect of Spirulina on Growth and Yield of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench.

Author: Win Mar  & San Min 

Abstract:

             The present study explored the effect of Spirulina suspension on growth and yield of Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. (Okra). Okra seeds were studied by using Spirulina suspension (1gL-1, 2gL-1, 3gL-1, 4gL-1 and 5gL-1) in pot experiment. Spirulina suspension (4gL-1) was more effective in the enhancement of plant height, leaf number, flower number, 50% flowering time, leaf area, fresh weight and dry weight of okra plant. The fruit yield of plant (4gL-1) was 64.29% greater than control. The results showed that the growth and yield of okra treated with Spirulina were significantly better than control.

Key words : Spirulina, biofertilizer, Abelmoschus esculentus, yield

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

Antimicrobial Activities of Senna alata Roxb.

Author: Khin Hnin Yee  & Aye Aye Myat 

Abstract:

        A medicinal plant, Senna alata Roxb. belonging to Subfamily–Caesalpinoideae is commonly cultivated in Myanmar as an ornamental plant. It is known as Thinbaw-mezali in Myanmar. The sample plant was collected from Mawlamyine Township during the flowering and fruiting period. The test organisms of bacteria were isolated from soil and meat by serial dilution techniques. The pathogenic fungi were isolated from diseased parts of plants and all the microorganisms were sub-cultured to get the pure strains. These microorganisms are three strains (AAM 1, AAM 2 and AAM 3) of fungi (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus terreus, and Penicillium sp.), AAM 4 (Pseudomonas sp., gram negative strain of bacteria) and AAM 5 (Bacillus sp., gram positive strain of bateria). The water extracts of leaflets, flowers and barks from Senna alata Roxb. were prepared and the antimicrobial effects on five species of microorganisms were studied. It was observed that the water extracts of leaflets and flowers showed better results than the extract of barks.

Key words : Senna alata Roxb., straining methods, serial dilution technique, antimicrobial activities

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

Studying the Substitution Carbon and Nitrogen Sources in Fermentation of Microorganisms Isolated from Turritell carinifera, Lamarck, 1822

Author: Khin Swe Mya* 

Abstract:

            In this study, Turritella carinifera was collected from Chaungtha, Ayeyawady Region and utilized to screen the antimicrobial activities of microorganisms. Isolation of microorganisms was done by dilution method. Five strains of microorganisms were isolated fromTurritella carinifera. Five isolated strains showed different antimicrobial activities against the test organisms. Among them KSM 3 was selected for further investigation. The strain KSM 3 showed antimicrobial activities against Salmonella tythimurium where KSM 3 had clear zone 32.0 mm. The best fermentation medium using carbon and nitrogen sources was selected for KSM 3. Then the best carbon and nitrogen sources were mixed to get a new combined medium by cross combination method. Again tests were undertaken to get the best amounts of the components of the fermentation media.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

Innervation Apparatus in Some Antagonistic Limb Muscles of Some Anurans

Author: Kyi Kyi Maw* 

Abstract:

         The present work was carried out to find out whether there would be differences in the type and occurrence of motor and sensory nerve endings in the selected antagonistic muscle pairs of deltoid (flexor) and anconeus (extensor) in the fore limb, and triceps femoris (extensor) and gracillis major (flexor) in the hind limb of the toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus  and the frog, Polypedates cruciger. Overall results indicated that neural patterns of the antagonistic muscle pairs were quite similar within themselves in both species and the neural patterns were more variable in the frog's upper hind limb muscles relative to those of the toad.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

Complete Decomposable Triple-Critical Graphs

Author: Thin Wai Wai Moe* 

Abstract:

          In this paper, we introduce the basic definitions, notations and examples of graphs. Then we discuss the concepts of vertex coloring of a graph, chromatic numbers, critical graphs, double-critical graphs and triple-critical graphs. The complete decomposable graphs and triple-critical graphs are studied by using the concept of complete decomposable graphs. Finally, we illustrate some examples for triple-critical graphs.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

Study on the Effects of Interactions on a Nuclear System

Author: Htar Win Htike* 

Abstract:

         In theoretical nuclear physics, it is essential to know the wave functions of our interesting nuclear systems. If we have known the wave functions, we can investigate several information on these nuclear systems. The purpose of our research is to determine the solutions of non-homogeneous boundary value problems with various sources by using Green's Function method.  In our research work, we studied the wave function of nucleon-nucleon scattering process which is the non-homogeneous boundary value problem.  We compared the two free (without interaction) radial Green's functions, one is solved by numerically with the help of difference method and another is solved by analytically with the use of residue theorem.  It was found that these two free radial functions are equivalent.  Therefore, we safely used numerically solved free radial Green's function in solving the Schrödinger radial equations with various potentials (with various source terms) which are repulsive square barrier, attractive square well, Yukawa and Gaussian potentials for this process.

Key words:  radial wave function, Green’s function, difference method.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

Photovoltage and Photocurrent Properties of ZnO/Si Thin Film before and after Plastic Packaging

Author: Khaing Khaing Min*

Abstract:

          Fine ZnO powder was formed using ball mill at 30 h. ZnO thin film was deposited onto naked p-Si (100) substrate by spin coating technique. It was treated in Oxygen and atmospheric annealing was followed to change the ZnO solution coating into oxide film. Photo voltage (Vph) and Photocurrent (Iph) of ZnO/Si cell were measured before and after packaging. Photo I-V characteristics (illuminated I-V) were investigated by monochromatic Na lamp. From the current and voltage characteristics under illumination condition, conversion efficiency (ηcon), fill factor (Ff), quantum yield (Y) and series resistance (Rs) were observed for the cell without plastic package.

Key words:  Fine ZnO powder, ZnO thin film, spin coating, ZnO/Si packaging

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

Performance Studies on Preparation and Characterization of Modified Slurry (Powder) Detergent

Author: Yee Yee Lin

Abstract:

           In this research, the formulation of slurry detergent was modified with, chitosan and determine the physicochemical properties of modified slurry detergent by using conventional methods. Chitosan poly-2-deoxly-D-glucosamine, is a product of deacetamide products. It is a poly-dielectric ion, soluble in acid solutions. Chitosan is the N-deacetylated derivative of chitin. The chitin is found in the shell of animals like shrimps, crabs, squidpon, silk worams and the cell walls of fungi. The physicochemical properties of modified slurry detergent were, the viscosity (135s), pH (10) and the water content (35.2%). It possessed higher stability of foam volume as well as foam size density with a 99.6% of degreasing power. The synthesized detergent powder was compared to the commercial sample with respect to specified parameters such as viscosity, pH, water content, foam stability and degreasing ability. It was found that 0.04% chitosan was able to produce modified form of detergent powder with detergent quality comparable to commercial detergent. (Thet Thar)

Keywords: Synthesized slurry detergent, physicochemical properties, modified powder detergent

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

A Critical Study of Aristotle's Golden Mean

Author: Nan Thein Thein Sint
Abstract:

          The main title of this paper is “The Golden Mean of Aristotle”. The doctrine of Golden Mean is deeply concerned with Aristotle. Aristotle’s ethics is closely related with Greek ethics. Early Greek ethics plays an important role in the history of Western ethics. Early Greek thinker described ethics as the art of living and the care of the soul. Socrates and the Sophists had raised the ethical question for the first time. Plato was the first philosopher of religion and idealistic ethics. It is quite true that the doctrine of early Greek philosophers and Aristotle’s ethical views are different but there are some similarities and relationships between them. This paper tries to point out an estimation of Aristotle’s ethics.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

The Role of Myanmar Proverbs in Myanmar Traditional Life

Author: Khin Saw Myint

Abstract:

         The word “proverb” is derived from the Latin word “proverbium”, which means a brief popular saying. A proverb expresses a truth based on common sense or practical experience of mankind. Every society has its own proverbs that can display thoughts of its people. Myanmar proverbs through the ages have exhibited the Myanmar way of thinking, Myanmar way of life and philosophical values that identifies the national characteristics of the Myanmar people. This paper tries to reveal the philosophical values in Myanmar Proverbs.

Keywords : proverb, philosophical value in Myanmar Traditional life

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

The Founder of Yadanarbon City and Palace, King Mindon's Religious Performance

Author: Wai Wai Moe*

Abstract:

         King Mindon, the founder of Yadanarbon Royal City and Palace, was a monarch who attempted with might and main for the perpetuation of Buddha Sāsanā in Myanmar. Mindon-min who shaped the Yandanarbon Period was a ruler who inscribed on Palm-leaves the Tipitaka (the three repositories of Buddhist scriptures) consisting of 84000 Dhammakkhandhā corpuses for the perpetuation of the Religion. As the King was worried that the scripts inscribed on palm-leaves would be easy to ruin without lasting for a long time, he inscribed the Pitakas on the stone tablets in order to endure throughout the Sāsanā Period as well as to be unable to be destroyed by the heretics. King Mindon was a martyr sovereign who could successfully carry out the tasks which all the Buddhists should certainly perform, and protect the Sāsanā.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

History of Magwe Township and Rebellions (1752-1885)

Author: Than Than Khaing * 

Abstract:

          This paper sheds light on the historical events of Magwe Township. Although Magwe had never been a center of administration, it played an important role in local administration. Appointments of Myowun, Myothugyi and Ywathugyi showed its importance. Even the palace intrigues reflected that area. On the other hand, the main profession of the natives was agriculture. The minority were traders and the King's servants. In time of droughts the natives suffered from famine. As a consequence, money lending and land mortgages rose. Even though Buddhists were the majority who had donated pagodas and monasteries, Pitakats were few. The influence of monks on the public was great. Hence, political events, administrative system, socio-economic system and the religious faith were closely interrelated and that interrelation reflected on the development of Magwe Township. 

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

A Geographical Analysis on the Cropping Pattern of Chauk Township

Author: Myat Myat Nwe  , Mi Mi Soe

Abstract:

           This dissertation is an attempt to analyse the cropping pattern of Chauk Township. It is located in Central Dry Zone of Myanmar. Climate is an important factor that influences on the cropping pattern of the study area. There are four types of agricultural land such as "Ya" land, "Le" land, "Kaing-Kyun" land and "Garden" land. "Ya" cultivation is the most important in agriculture. In the study area, the agricultural activities and cultivation of crop are carried out by the traditional method only. Weaver’s crop combination method was used applied and analysed; it was found that there were ten crop combinations. The cropping pattern in Chauk Township did not change obviously from the year of 1997-98 to 2012-13.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

A Geographical Study on Spatial Distribution Pattern of Commercial Crops’ Wholesale Shops in Myingyan Town

Author: Cho Cho San

Abstract:

          This research paper analyzed spatial distribution patterns of wholesale shops in Myingyan with  geographical  point of view.  Through these surveys, names of wholesale shops, types of commodity, size of shops, location of shops, transportation, suppliers or wholesalers and number of employees (labour) were collected.  To examine the above spatial development of wholesale shops in Myingyan, especially commercial crops’ wholesale shops were selected and analyzed. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to find out the spatial pattern development of wholesale shops facilities. The commercial crops’ wholesale shops are mainly located in central area of Myingyan. Besides four types of commodity flow channel patterns, from crop growers (producer) to wholesalers, finally to consumer sector in study area are found.

Key Wards: Wholesale shop, Spatial development, Distribution pattern, Commercial Crops Population, commodity flow

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

Some Difficulties Encountered by First year Non-English Specialization Students of Myingyan Degree College in Studying the New Course "Straight Forward"

Author: Than Than Nyunt

Abstract:

          This research aims to explore the difficulties encountered by first year non-English specialization students in Myingyan Degree College studying the new course “Straight Forward”. To fulfill the requirements of the study, a total of 150 first year students who specialized in Chemistry and Mathematics were given questionnaires consisting of 36 items under five main categories. They had to give response to each item under five main categories: Academic factors, instructional factors, personal factors, linguistic factors and socio cultural factors. The responses of the students were analysed statistically and the findings showed that instructional factors and personal factors had the lowest means (3.37 and 3.64) while the academic factors had the highest mean (4.29).
Key words: difficulties, academic, instructional, personal, linguistic, sociocultural, factors

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

Creating and Planning Language Activities to Improve the Productive Skills of the Second Language Learners of English (Tertiary Level)

Author: Soe Soe Win 

Abstract:

     This paper presents the findings of an observation study of the English language productive skills of ELTO (English Language Training for Officials) students at EIT (the Eastern Institute of Technology) and at Victoria University in New Zealand. The aim of this study is to find out how the language activities created by teachers of these universities  to teach  the speaking and writing skills of the students agree with those proposed by Scrivener (2005) and the progress of the students. Through a detailed study and analysis of the pedagogy, it was found that the way teachers use to create and plan language activities agrees with the ideas provided by Scrivener (2005). It was found that teachers use cyclic approach to broaden the vocabulary repertoire of students which is an essential requirement for developing the productive skills. Then they use discussion activities and communicative activities for practicing speaking skills; and for developing the writing skills of the students, they use both guided and unguided writing. The study also investigated the IELTS pre-test and post-test scores of speaking and writing skills of a total of 10 participants and then they were compared. It was found that the post-test scores of the participants were higher than pre-test scores. 

Key words – cyclic approach, productive skills, communicative activities, guided writing, unguided writing

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

The Changes and Development of the Form of Myanmar Poetry during the Late Colonial Period (1931-1947)

Author: Than Htwe Aung*

Abstract:

       This paper explores the changes and development of the form of Myanmar poems during the late colonial period (1931-1947). In doing so, the focus is on three main categories: the form of conventional poetry, the forms of poetry that change slightly and the forms of poetry that turn into new structures.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)

Dagon Tayar and His Poems

Author: Myint Yee

Abstract:

         This paper explores the poems composed by Dagon Tayar from thematic point of view. The study also examines the poet’s attitude, idea, concept and his literary works as there is a close relationship between them. Having already known that Dagon Tayar loved and valued peace, this paper tries to convince the fact that his poems reflect his thirst of peace. Moreover, it also studies the structure of the poems. It is also observed that being a Myanmar poet who valued Myanmar literature, Dagon Tayar tried to develop Myanmar literature by composing poems. It is hoped this paper will help to some extent in an attempt to develop Myanmar literature.

Published:  Myingyan Degree College Research Journal (Vol-7)